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I’m truly impressed by how accurately LLMs grasp natural language and consistently provide spot-on answers. Through these posts, I’ll build a toy GPT from scratch using Python and unpack everything that goes inside the LLMs, including the math it uses. This is my third post on my journey to craft a toy GPT. Make sure…
a year ago

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More from Seeking Wisdom

It’s a treasure trove of health insights!

Use Insulin wisely Life on Earth started simple. For nearly 2 billion years, tiny single-celled organisms dominated. Then, a lucky accident changed everything. One cell swallowed another, and the swallowed cell became mitochondria, the powerhouse of complex cells. This chance event led to all complex life, including plants, animals, and us. This microscopic accident is…

4 months ago 61 votes
Focus on the process, not the outcome

Woorkeri Raman, a former Indian cricketer and former coach of the India women’s national cricket team, has two non-negotiables. As an offspinner, you must never get cut, and you must never get driven through the covers. Even when Ravichandran Ashwin takes five wickets, Raman will still point out if he got cut or driven off…

7 months ago 99 votes
What I Learned from The South Asian Health Solution and wearing a Continuous Glucose Monitor

We all know avocados are healthy, and coke is bad. Yet we can’t help but gulp down a coke with a plate full of french fries. It takes an enormous amount of energy to break bad habits. I’ve broken bad habits under two conditions: (a) it’s a do-or-die situation, or (b) you have a device…

9 months ago 119 votes
Ruturaj Gaikwad, P-value, and Bayes’ Theorem

IPL is one of the greatest entertainments for a cricket lover like me. Chennai Super Kings (CSK) is my favorite team. Ruturaj Gaikwad, the new CSK captain for the IPL 2024 season, lost 10 out of 13 tosses: LLLLWLLLLLLWL. The probability of seeing the sequence LLLLWLLLLLLWL is 0.513 or 0.00012. Unsurprisingly, the odds of seeing…

10 months ago 123 votes
A great investor is a great rejector

I tend to grasp math concepts better from books written for other fields. Take linear algebra for example — I developed a stronger understanding and appreciation for it after reading the book Modeling Life. Similarly, the investing book What I Learned About Investing from Darwin gave me deeper insights on how base rates, sensitivity, and…

10 months ago 137 votes

More in finance

Part 2: Current State of the Housing Market; Overview for mid-March 2025

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: Part 2: Current State of the Housing Market; Overview for mid-March 2025 A brief excerpt: Earlier this week, in Part 1: Current State of the Housing Market; Overview for mid-March 2025 I reviewed home inventory, housing starts and sales. NOTE: I started the year adopting the position of Fed Chair Powell, taking a “wait and see” approach on what policies would actually be enacted. Now I’m trying to understand the impact of policy changes on housing. It appears building costs will increase significantly, and demand for housing will likely decline. I’ll have more soon. The Case-Shiller National Index increased 3.9% year-over-year (YoY) in December and will be about the same YoY - or slightly higher - in the January report (based on other data). There is much more in the article.

15 hours ago 2 votes
Crypto reserves: no public good, no principles

The formerly anti-government bitcoin movement abandons its principles in favor of number-go-up, applauds federal plan to stockpile seized crypto with no clear benefit to national interest

2 days ago 6 votes
2nd Look at Local Housing Markets in February

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: 2nd Look at Local Housing Markets in February A brief excerpt: NOTE: The tables for active listings, new listings and closed sales all include a comparison to February 2019 for each local market (some 2019 data is not available). Here is a look at months-of-supply using NSA sales. Since this is NSA data, it is likely months-of-supply will increase into the Summer. There is much more in the article.

2 days ago 3 votes
Will There Ever be a Company-Killing Hack?

Plus! Divided Attention; Demand; Buying Low?; The Stuff Tax; Mispriced Derivatives

2 days ago 3 votes
BLS: Job Openings Increased to 7.7 million in January

From the BLS: Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary The number of job openings was little changed at 7.7 million in January, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires held at 5.4 million, and total separations changed little at 5.3 million. Within separations, quits (3.3 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed little. emphasis added This report is for January; the employment report last Friday was for February. Click on graph for larger image. The number of job openings (black) were down 9% year-over-year.  Quits were down 3% year-over-year. These are voluntary separations. (See light blue columns at bottom of graph for trend for "quits").

2 days ago 3 votes