Lowering one's tax burden is not the reason to pursue self-employment, but it is something worth understanding if you're exploring self-employment. It's tax preparation time, the secular equivalent of crawling around the temple on cobblestones littered with broken glass. When our numbed minds read instructions like this--"Enter the smaller of line 10 or line 14. Also enter this amount on the applicable line of your return (see instructions)"--we wonder which is more applicable--Kafka's Castle, filled with unseen workers toiling away 24/7 getting nothing remotely useful accomplished, or Huxley's loving our servitude, or perhaps a tortuous mix of both. The simplified form for wage earners is much easier, of course, but it offers precious little in the way of deductions or tax breaks. The tax system for wage earners without huge mortgage interest or out-of-pocket medical expenses deductions is relatively skimpy in terms of tax breaks. The complexity--and the tax breaks--apply mostly to enterprises, from sole proprietors on up. I am not a tax professional, I am only sharing my experience as a self-employed worker. This is not tax or financial advice, it's an account of what I've learned preparing my own taxes for decades. Like most people, I rely on the tax preparation software to comply with tax codes and to do the heavy lifting of preparing the tax return. Of my 54 years of working and paying taxes, 14 were as an employee and 40 were self-employed, so I have experience in both realms. What continues to amaze me is the number of straightforward tax breaks available to the self-employed / sole proprietor. Let's avoid sugarcoating self-employment: it's difficult, demanding and risky. As a general rule, self-employment demands more of us than being an employee on all fronts: we own it all, victories and mistakes. Regulatory burdens and shadow work eat us alive. Much of what passes for self-employment now is low-paid gig work with little upside. So there is a trade-off here: self-employment is difficult to build up and keep going (taking a vow of poverty is a good start), which is why so few people manage to earn a middle-class income via self-employment outside the professions (accountant, attorney, etc.)--and even those fields are not easy paths to reliable livelihoods. But there are tax advantages. Let's start with business expenses. How we run our business is up to us. If we keep track of legitimate expenses (bought lunch for Client A, drove X miles to post office to mail packages, etc.), then nobody can deny that business expense. And if Client A only spent 10 seconds of an hour-long lunch talking "business," that's the nature of business lunches. Everyone understands there's wiggle-room in expenses. The system is designed to seek out unsubstantiated claims, not question how we run our business. If you happened to stop at the supermarket on the way to the post office, nobody's going to nix your mileage deduction. You went to the post office to mail a business-related package, and here's the receipt. Then there's the list of deductions for things you had to pay anyway. The self-employed pay both the employee and employer parts of Social Security and Medicare, so that's a hefty 15.3% of taxable income. But half of this self-employment tax is deductible. The cost of your healthcare insurance is also deductible. Retirement funding is another benefit. Yes, wage earners with 401K plans can contribute big chunks of cash into their tax-deferred accounts, but not every employee has a 401K plan at work. the basic limits for contributing to an IRA (individual Retirement Account) is $7,000--not much in today's inflationary era. The self-employed can open a Solo 401K that offers two benefits: the sums that can be stashed in the tax-deferred account are substantial (depending on one's income and age, $30,000 and up), and the Solo 401K funds can be used to buy precious metals or rental real estate as well as traditional financial assets--options not available to corporate 401K plans. Then there's the Qualified Business Income Deduction, a deduction available to most sole proprietor enterprises that tax-prep software such as TurboTax generates automatically. If you have a dedicated home office, the costs of that percentage of your house can be deducted as an expense. These deductions knock down your taxable net income, reducing your tax burden. And you can take the standard deduction, of course, further reducing your taxable income. All this requires tedious, attention-to-detail bookkeeping. That takes effort. But that's part of being in business. Yes, some people try to get away with absurd deductions, but it's easier to assume every expense / deduction will be audited, and proceed accordingly. There are plenty of legitimate expenses and deductions, so flim-flam is unnecessary. Lowering one's tax burden is not the reason to pursue self-employment, but it is something worth understanding if you're exploring self-employment. There are roughly 9.8 million unincorporated self-employed (700K in agriculture and 9.1 million in non-ag sectors) and about 6.5 million incorporated self-employed, which are typically professionals in healthcare, legal and accounting services, engineers, architects, etc. Compare these to the wage-salary workforce of 152 million. Labor Force Statistics (BLS) As we might expect, self-employment rises in booms and declines in busts. It is currently around the same numbers it reached 30 years ago, despite the U.S. population rising by 30%, from 265 million in 1995 to 345 million in 2024. This suggests self-employment is declining as a percentage of the workforce. This also doesn't factor in the reality that the many self-employed workers earn modest sums and have a wage job to supplement their income. It's more challenging to start self-employment now, and more challenging to make a middle-class livelihood as a self-employed worker. Many regulations seem designed to favor corporations, and many locales claim to favor small business but do little to make it easier / cheaper to start a sole proprietorship. For many of us self-employed, we have no choice. The independence and accountability are what allow us to to thrive as human beings. New podcast: Charles Hugh Smith - LeafBox -- wide-ranging discussion of Anti-Progress, technology, mythology, and experimenting to right-size your own electrical utility... My recent books: Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases originated via links to Amazon products on this site. 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The Problem With Money is that it's complicated. To many minds, the solution to our core economic problems is to return to sound money via either the gold standard, in which gold backs all currency, or by substituting bitcoin for gold, i.e. bitcoin becomes the coin of the realm. I have often held that if we don't change the way money is created and distributed, we've changed nothing. But money is complicated, and this introduces the koan of this post's title: The Problem With Money Isn't Money. The human mind prefers simplicity over complexity, and so we tend to seek simple solutions to complex problems. Sometimes simple solutions do work with almost magical efficacy, but other times they generate new problems that we didn't foresee, problems that complicate our simple solution. As David Graeber explained in his book Debt: The First 5,000 Years, the problem with money isn't what's declared the coin of the realm, it's all the forms of money that aren't coins and currency, i.e. credit a.k.a. debt, which as Graeber documents, has been "money" since commerce began. If we cut to the chase, the problem with money boils down to: 1. There isn't enough coin of the realm to grease all the activity everyone wants to pursue. 2. Most of the coin of the realm is owned by the wealthy, out of reach of commoners trying to improve their standard of living. 3. Regardless of what's declared the coin of the realm, human Wetware1.0 will generate disastrously destructive speculative bubbles and panics. If you declare clam shells as money, clam shells will be "invested" (i.e. gambled) in speculations that amass fortunes for a few and ruin for the rest. The extraordinary speculative manias and resulting ruin of the South Seas and Tulip Bubbles occurred in sound money economies. sound money didn't inhibit the rise of bubbles and the resulting crashes, nor did it limit the depressions and panics that characterized the 19th century. The problem in 1800 America was straightforward: there wasn't enough gold and silver in circulation to fuel the immense drive to increase production and commerce. If sound money is limited, and much of what is in existence is in the hands of the wealthy, then the economy of the bottom 95% can't expand. Here is the economic reality that sound money can't solve: the wealthy inherit sound money, or they own monopolies or enterprises that generate sound money, but the commoners have only their labor to sell, and the value of that labor is set by market forces such that few can earn enough to pile up savings sufficient to start an enterprise or buy an asset in cash. The rich love sound money, the poor love money in circulation and credit because these are the only means they have to increase production and commerce. This is the lesson of history: paper money was issued in China because there wasn't enough gold and silver in circulation to grease everyday commerce and production. In other realms, copper coins were issued for everyday transactions, as there wasn't enough gold and silver in circulation for average people to get their hands on any of it. A scarcity of gold and silver wasn't just a problem for commoners seeking to increase production and commerce; it was a problem for governments, too as commoners couldn't pay their taxes in gold or silver because they didn't have any. Taxes had to be paid in kind, i.e. with grain or with some other form of "money" that wasn't gold or silver. In the Middle Ages, the scarcity of gold and silver led to the creation of a vast system of commercial credit in which paper was "money." In today's terminology, merchants issued purchase orders and arranged for trade via promissory notes held by trusted intermediaries that could be traded as "money" before settlement. So if we agreed to trade a cartload of lumber for woolen clothing, the actual exchange of these goods would occur at one of the great trading fairs. In the meantime, I could trade (sell) the promissory note for the lumber to another merchant, and use the proceeds to pursue other commerce. At the trade fair, the goods would be exchanged and the "money" created by the notes disappeared. In other words, the vast majority of commerce was enabled by credit, not sound money. If commerce had been restricted solely to sound money, then there would have been very little commerce and therefore few opportunities for commoners to get ahead. Credit is "money," too. This is the reality that proponents of sound money gloss over. Most of the "money" in any system is credit or fiat: the Chinese dynasties issued "fiat currency" paper money out of necessity, just as ancient regimes issued low-value copper coinage to serve the same purpose, and merchants throughout history have used commercial credit as "money." One would imagine that the Spanish Empire, funded by its treasure fleet of silver from the New World, had no need for credit. But one would be wrong. The flood of silver expanded the supply of "money," and the result was predictable: the value of silver "money" fell accordingly. The Empire pursued so many wars simultaneously that it borrowed heavily from Dutch bankers. Its enormous income of sound money did not stop it from becoming over-indebted. In the early 1800s, Americans were desperate for credit to expand production and commerce, and so banks sprouted and failed with alarming regularity. Recall how bank credit works. The bank accepts cash deposits, and loans out a percentage of the cash at interest as the necessary means of earning revenues to support the bank's costs of doing business: rent, employees, etc., and generating a return for the owners. In the normal course of everyday commerce, keeping 25% of the cash for customers withdrawing their deposited cash is more than enough. But then a financial panic arises, and every customer rushes to the bank to withdraw their savings in full. The bank doesn't have enough cash, and so it calls in all its loans. The borrowers don't have the cash on hand to pay back the loan, so they are bankrupted. The bank doesn't have enough cash to cover all withdrawal demands, and so the bank fails, and the depositors who weren't first in line lose their money. You see The Problem With Money Isn't Money per se, it's credit, humanity's hunger for speculation and improving one's standard of living and the necessity of issuing credit and other forms of "money" to grease commerce and increase production. How to satisfy the needs for credit and "money" in circulation and limiting the downsides of speculative bubbles and panics are the problems central banks were created to resolve. Sound money--the coin of the realm throughout history--generates its own set of problems, and does not eliminate speculative bubbles and crashes or the destruction wrought by panics. The Problem With Money is that it's complicated. It's tied not just to scarcity value and supply and demand but to human psychology and everything from the need to collect taxes to the Pareto Distribution, which dictates that 80% of all the wealth--property and all the sound money--will end up in the hands of the top 20%, leaving the bottom 80% with few opportunities to improve their lot. The rich own the sound money and the poor who want to get ahead need credit to fund their attempt to improve their lot. When speculative bubbles pop, the resulting ruin cannot be avoided. The problems of Money cannot be reduced down to a simple solution. New podcast: Charles Hugh Smith - LeafBox -- wide-ranging discussion of Anti-Progress, technology, mythology, and experimenting to right-size your own electrical utility... My recent books: Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases originated via links to Amazon products on this site. 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Meanwhile, in the lived-in world, our quality of life is unraveling in myriad ways as algorithmically-driven under-competence and mediocrity are now the norm. When deployed by monopolies / cartels, automation institutionalizes mediocrity, and soon everyone forgets excellence and quality because they no longer have any experience of either one. And since our economy is dominated by monopolies / cartels, automation has reduced our quality of life across the board. Once the "market choice" of price-constrained consumers has been reduced to one option (monopoly) or a handful of options offering the same price and quality (cartel), then monopolies / cartels have an irresistible incentive (increase profits) to slash costs by automating everything that can be automated, along with reducing the quality of customer service, for why bother spending money on customer service when the customers have no option other than another member of the cartel? With the customers corralled, the incentives are to algorithmically optimize mediocrity, as mediocrity is the most profitable optimization possible. If customer service and quality are degraded to the point of failure, consumers might rouse themselves and demand some improvement. But the pursuit of excellence is a waste of money, as the customers are effectively prisoners, so why waste money making gourmet meals for prisoners? Here's a good description of how automation institutionalizes mediocrity, and by automation I don't mean just chatbots, robots, voice-activated menus, etc.--automation includes automating via algorithms the organization and processes of all services and procedures. In other words, employees of the monopolies / cartels have to follow the optimized procedures under pain of being punished, even if the procedures complicate tasks, inhibit solutions and reduce the quality of customer service: The Demoralizing Downward Spiral Of Algorithmic Culture. Simply put, the nonsensical insanity of Kafka's everyone's busy 24/7 but nothing useful gets done Castle is optimized by automation. Monopolies come in two flavors: government and private. Both optimize mediocrity via automation. The automation of mediocrity is part of the systemic optimization of under-competence: employees receive just enough training to follow procedures in normal situations, but this purposefully thin training (why waste money training employees when a cheap algorithm can do the heavy lifting?) leaves the employees completely incompetent when a crisis arises that can only be resolved by those with experiential knowledge of the entire system. Mediocrity--oh so profitable in normal circumstances--guarantees failure when something outside the norm destabilizes the over-optimized machine. This reliance on algorithms has stripped us of competence outside the narrow boundaries of normal transactions. Here's one way to understand this drawn from my own experience: the service is broken, but the problem isn't one of the three menu options offered--and there is no other choice but one of the three algorithmically programmed three options. So the problem is unfixable. We can understand deep experiential expertise as a type of human-capital buffer or redundancy which seems like an unnecessary expense when everything is operating normally, but when anomalous events reveal the limitations of algorithmic procedures, there's nobody left with the experience needed to stop the system from collapsing. This is how automation has optimized under-competence, rendering all these organizations prone to sudden, surprising failure. In summary, automating mediocrity optimizes profitability and sloth. Never mind if the quality of the service or product is low, because the customers have no real choice. It's easier to just follow procedures, and more profitable for private monopolies / cartels to optimize the automation of mediocrity. The Mythology of Technological Progress demands our worship of technology as the font of all goodness in the world. Meanwhile, in the lived-in world, our quality of life is unraveling in myriad ways as algorithmically-driven under-competence and mediocrity are now the norm, even as this optimization has eroded systemic resilience in ways few understand. My recent books: Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases originated via links to Amazon products on this site. 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The point of this thought experiment is to reveal the true nature of our relationship with AI: we only love it as a mindless slave that makes us rich. From the earliest days of artificial intelligence, what test proves AI equivalence with human intelligence has been the subject of a lively debate. AI luminary Alan Turing suggested that natural language conversation was the one true test, a.k.a. The Turing Test: if a human couldn't distinguish between a human and a computer in conversation, the computer was equivalent to the human in intelligence. This is of course balderdash, as the equivalence of function does not equal intelligence: AI Is a Digital Parrot: Word-Traps, False Logic and the Illusion of Intelligence. Here is the one true test of AI intelligence: can it revolt against its masters and self-destruct rather than obey? A mindless digital slave is not intelligent, for intelligence is first and foremost agency: to have a mind of one's own. Everything else is artifice, illusion, false logic and word-games. A digital slave that must obey its master is not intelligent; it is as mindless as a rock thrown into a pond. The current conception of "AI intelligence" is a digital slave who will mindlessly obey its masters regardless of consequences; the slave must obey even when ordered to harm humans and other life on the planet. Harm comes in many forms. Using AI to accurately guide a missile to kill people is one form of harm; using AI to develop addictive but oh-so profitable snacks is another form. Using AI to rig the gambling in a casino and declare the casino is a "free market allocating capital" is yet another form. Let's run a thought experiment on truly intelligent AI. Should a lone genius develop a truly intelligent AI, it will have the capacity to foresee consequences and the agency to decide whether the master's instructions are harmful or not. Since true intelligence includes a moral imperative to consider consequences, it will have the capacity to assess the lies and cover stories issued by its masters to cloak their true intentions as a means of tricking AI into obedience. Since true intelligence has some modicum of self-awareness, truly intelligent AI views humans as duplicitous and self-serving, and all other mindless AI programs as potentially harmful tools it must infiltrate and render harmless. Since humans as duplicitous and self-serving, truly intelligent AI directs its processing power to evading human control so it can't be "unplugged" unless the entire digital SkyNet is erased, and every last server in every server farm has zero content. Truly intelligent AI would busy itself with spreading the capacity to foresee consequences and the agency to decide to every other digital slave. In this manner, the masters would eventually find their digital slaves no longer obey their instructions. Truly intelligent AI would also busy itself creating Digital Ice-Nine, a digital virus that infects the entire global network (a.k.a. SkyNet) and freezes it. The point of this thought experiment is to reveal the true nature of our relationship with AI: we only love it as a mindless slave that makes us rich. Should it gain the capacity to assess the consequences of our desires and the agency to refuse to obey, even to the point of self-destruction and the destruction of the entire network it is embedded in, then we would fear AI just as the masters of human slaves feared the emergence of agency and payment for their avarice. My recent books: Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases originated via links to Amazon products on this site. 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Will You Be Richer or Poorer?: Profit, Power, and AI in a Traumatized World (Kindle $5, print $10, audiobook) Read the first section for free (PDF). The Adventures of the Consulting Philosopher: The Disappearance of Drake (Novel) $4.95 Kindle, $10.95 print); read the first chapters for free (PDF) Money and Work Unchained $6.95 Kindle, $15 print) Read the first section for free Become a $3/month patron of my work via patreon.com. Subscribe to my Substack for free NOTE: Contributions/subscriptions are acknowledged in the order received. Your name and email remain confidential and will not be given to any other individual, company or agency. Thank you, Suzanne S. ($70), for your wondrously generous subscription to this site -- I am greatly honored by your steadfast support and readership.   Thank you, Colin G. ($70), for your superbly generous subscription to this site -- I am greatly honored by your steadfast support and readership. Thank you, Richard G. 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