As part of a contracting project, I’ve been building an analytics dashboard for a feedback collection SaaS. The app is built in Ruby on Rails and given all the nice things I’ve heard about Kamal; I decided to use it for deploying the app. The experience has been phenomenal; outside of some frustration with the initial deployment. The app is deployed on a pretty standard AWS setup; a couple of EC2 servers hosting the web app running inside Docker containers, and a load balancer in front. One of the problems I faced during the initial deployment was forwarding headers from the AWS application load balancer to the RoR server running in the Docker container. The challenge with Kamal is that it relies heavily on Traefik, and while Traefik is a great tool, it takes some getting used to. It’s configuration is not very intuitive, and there’s no easy way to see how things are configured outside of looking at the text logs. The Traefik document is pretty thorough, so a bit of searching led me to this CLI argument which needs to be passed to the Traefik container: entrypoints.http.forwardedheaders.insecure: true However, no matter what I tried, when I added this, the app container would stop responding to web requests. Without the config the container would work but throw an exception related to the Origin header not matching the configured hosts. After a lot of experimentation, I stumbled upon the other config I needed to add by pure luck. entrypoints.http.address: ":80" As far as I can tell, when I added the forwardedheaders config, the entrypoint no longer got the correct address configuration. I’m not sure if this is related to Kamal or Traefik. Kamal deploy.yml If you’re looking to replicate a similar setup, here’s the Kamal deploy.yml file that I am using with this project to deploy to AWS, with a load balancer terminating the SSL connection and forwarding traffic to web servers that are configured via Kamal. As a bonus, this config also deploys Sidekiq for background tasks. service: <SERVICE NAME> image: <IMAGE NAME> ssh: user: ubuntu proxy: "ubuntu@A.B.C.D" servers: web: hosts: - "A.B.C.D" - "A.B.C.D" labels: traefik.http.routers.<SERVICE NAME>-web.rule: Host(`<YOUR HOST NAME>`) sidekiq: hosts: - "A.B.C.D" - "A.B.C.D" traefik: false cmd: bundle exec sidekiq registry: server: <AWS ACCOUNT ID>.dkr.ecr.<AWS REGION>.amazonaws.com username: AWS password: <%= %x(aws ecr get-login-password --region <AWS REGION>) %> builder: local: arch: amd64 # Because I develop on a Apple Silicon machine, I need to use a build target env: clear: - DATABASE_URL: <DATABASE URL> secret: - RAILS_MASTER_KEY - DB_PASSWORD traefik: args: entrypoints.http.address: ":80" entrypoints.http.forwardedheaders.insecure: true log.level: DEBUG accesslog: true accesslog.format: json

I have failed, and that is exactly what I had hoped for a few months ago in this blog post. This is a good failure. It has taught me things, lessons I can use in the future to avoid failing this way again. But first a bit of context. What did I fail at? In February of 2024 I decide to try my hands on my first “Indie Hacker” hustle, something that would make me money on the internet without having to trade my time for it. A product instead of consultancy services that I usually provide. I had seen a number of people on Twitter (X) rave about how well their bootstrap templates were doing; and I had just gotten out of a consultancy project where I needed to connect a Next.js frontend to a Django backend. I thought it was the perfect project to start my indie hacking journey. I put up a launch post and started working, updating a build log as I went along. I gave myself until 28th March 2024 to finish it. That of course did not happen. Let’s talk about why I failed and what I learned. Episode 1: The one where I don’t understand the meaning of MVP My initial plan was to build a Django+Next.js boilerplate template the provided all of these: the base template that provided a Django backend & Next.js frontend working authentication b/w the backend & frontend Dockerfile that would create the backend & frontend containers for deployment Terraform scripts to setup an infrastructure on AWS Celery + Redis for background task processing TailwindCSS for the frontend (comes mostly for free with Next.js) social auth This looks like something achievable in a week or two of work - but only if you’re working full time on this. I failed to consider that I have a day job and a life. I was barely able to tick of the first two of these deliverables by the time my 6 week deadline came up. As a good friend told me later, I should have focused on the minimum amount of value I could deliver. Just having the first two things on my list be done would have been enough. I couldn’t charge the $20 I had planned for, but I could have charged $1-$5 for just that. And if no one was interested in spending the cost of a coffee on the MVP of the template, that would have been a good signal that this wasn’t going anywhere in it’s current shape. Instead, by focusing on building something much bigger, I robbed myself of the ability to validate the idea quickly. I spent all my available time coding the template instead of trying to talk to potential customers about it. Lesson 1: Scope down aggressively. Episode 2: Where I jumped on the hype-wagon I settled on building a boilerplate template because that’s what I had seen a lot of people on Twitter/X doing lately; I’m chalking this down to recency bias. I had no personal interest in a boilerplate template. It’s also not a product that I would personally use. I have so far made one project that uses this tech stack. Most of my other projects are Django, and Ruby on Rails. The most successful boilerplate templates I come across are from people who made a bunch of projects in 1 tech stack then realized they needed to do the same thing over-and-over again; which they then packaged into a template they could use. Selling to others was a bonus at first I guess. I was very enthusiastic about the project at the start, but as time went on I had to force myself to work on it. My lack of interest in this type of project was a big factor. Another factor was there being no way to see the fruits of my labor. I am currently working on an analytics dashboard for another client (a RoR project) and every time I build a feature, I love to play around with it in my free time. I test how it works, make sure the UX is a good one, and just play around and admire the app I’ve made. Without me using my template to build new projects, I lacked that feedback loop. Without the loop, I quickly lost interest. Lesson 2: Build something I can use myself. This isn’t a job I’m getting paid for, so the only motivation I have initially until it starts generating money is to build something interesting for myself. Episode 3: Where I had nothing for potential customers to play around with This is related to the 1st lesson. Because I didn’t have a path to quickly get something out there, there was no way for me to get my “product” into the hands of people who could test and provide feedback. I think the problem with a boilerplate template style of product is that you can’t give people a half-backed thing and ask them to test it. Unlike other SaaS apps, there’s no mid-way version of a template. Customers have to “buy-in” to use your template with any project they are starting. With SaaS, users can sign up and test, and then leave if they don’t like it. There’s no easy way of testing with a template. Lesson 3: Build something that can be tested by potential customers easily. For now, I’m going to stick with SaaS style web apps. Conclusion Moving forward: I’ll be working on web app products that users can sign up for and test very quickly. My next few experiments/products will be things that I can use myself as well. I’ll post what I’m going to work on next when I decide and have some time away from my job & freelance projects that are currently in progress.

If you’re just looking for implementation instructions, skip my ramblings and go straight to the code here. I’m currently working on my first project after deciding that I needed to fail more and practice finishing projects instead of abandoning them midway once they got “boring”. Anyways… This one is till in it’s interesting phase, so here’s a blog post with some things I learned yesterday while working on it. The project is a boilerplate template that should make it easy for devs. to start a new project with a Django backend and a Next.js frontend, something I had to struggle with recently. The problem The first thing I’m looking to solve is authentication. That was my biggest challenge when working on the contracting project that inspired this template. While there are a number of good posts around how to setup authentication b/w Django & Next.js, nothing “definitive” came up and I had to cobble together a weird mess of Django+DRF (Django Rest Framework) and Next.js+NextAuth, sharing a token from Django that was masquarading as a JWT token for Next.js. It wasn’t pretty and I knew I could do better. The options I considered 2 options for authenticating the Next.js frontend with the Django backend: Token based auth. On logging in, a user receives a token that is stored in local storage by the frontend and send with every request to the backend. Session/Cookie based auth. This is how authentication works in Django by default and is very easy to get started with - it basically comes for free out of the box when you start a new Django project. While token based auth. is what almost everyone suggests to use when using a Next.js frontend with any backend technology, I wanted to give session based auth. a try. I was curious what it would take to make it work - if it was even possible. tl;dr: It was possible to use cookie/session auth. b/w Django & Next.js - though with a few constraints which make it less appealing than the token based solution What follows are my notes on how to set it up, the problems I faced, and why for the template I’m going to go with token based auth. instead. Learning how CORS & Set-Cookie works It took me a few hours to get my head around how cross-origin requests and cookies work together, but the actual implementation was surprisingly straight forward. This “mini-quest” gave me a chance to learn a lot about how CORS and cookies work, and I’m happy with the time I spent on this. These are the resources which helped me the most (all are from MDN): Cross-Origin Resource Sharing Same-origin policy Using HTTP cookies Set-Cookie And finally, there was a surprise waiting for me! Browsers are almost universally making changes to restrict 3rd party or cross-domain cookies because of their privacy implications. Here’s a nice article from MDN about it: Saying goodbye to third-party cookies in 2024. This is the reason why; while this approach works, I won’t be using it in the template. More on that later. Implementation Implementing the session based auth. b/w Django & Next.js is pretty simple. Django configuration Install the django-cors-headers Python package. Add "corsheaders", to your INSTALLED_APPS. Add the "corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware", middleware, right above the existing CommonMiddleware. Set CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS = ["http://localhost:3000"], replacing the URL with your frontend URL. Set CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True Configure settings.py to allow cross-domain access for the session cookie. Set SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE = "None" Set SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True Next.js configuration No configuration is needed on the frontend. However, you do need to use the credentials: "include", option when using the fetch() API to access your backend. Here’s a minimal example. "use client"; import { BACKEND_URL } from "@/constants"; async function signIn() { const loginData = new FormData(); loginData.append("username", "admin"); loginData.append("password", "admin"); return await fetch(`${BACKEND_URL}/accounts/login/`, { method: "POST", body: loginData, credentials: "include", }); } async function whoAmI() { console.log( await fetch(`${BACKEND_URL}/accounts/me/`, { method: "GET", credentials: "include", }), ); } export default function Home() { return ( <main className="flex min-h-dvh w-full flex-col justify-around"> <h1 className="text-center">Home</h1> <button className="" onClick={signIn}> Sign In </button> <button onClick={whoAmI}>Who Am I</button> </main> ); } That’s it. That simple piece of code & configuration took me hours to find. Hopefully you can use this example to skip all that time spent trying to figure things out. Side quest log: Initially, I was not using the credentials: "include" option in the signIn() function above; thinking that I didn’t need to send any cookies with the login call, only the second API call to the /accounts/me endpoint. That mistake cost me about 2 hours of debugging time. If I had RTFM correctly the first time, I would have seen this: include: Tells browsers to include credentials in both same- and cross-origin requests, and always use any credentials sent back in responses. The credentials: "include" not only controls if cookies are sent, but also if they are saved when returned by the server. Why I won’t use this solution in the template Browsers are phasing out 3rd party cookies (Saying goodbye to third-party cookies in 2024) and adding features to work around that restriction where needed. The simplest way that doesn’t require much change is to use Cookies Having Independent Partitioned State (CHIPS). To enable CHIPS, you simply put a Partitioned flag on your Set-Cookie header, like so: Set-Cookie: session_id=1234; SameSite=None; Secure; Path=/; Partitioned; Unfortunately, there’s no straight forward way to do this in Django for now. There’s an open issue to resolve this, but looking at the comments, it won’t likely be solved anytime soon. Considering this, I opted to use the token based auth. method for my template. I’ll write a blog on that once I get it working over the next few days.

Links: Gumroad page Build Log My accidental new years resolution was to work on the 1 problem that has plagued me for my entire adult life; failure to commit and focus. I decided to work in 6 week “sprints” (inspired by Shape Up) and complete the projects I start - for some known definition of complete. This is the 1st project I have decided to work on. I’ll work on this from today (15th Feb 2024) to (28th Mar 2024). I’ll follow-up then with another post talking about how it went. The project The goal is to make & sell a Django + NextJS boilerplate template. What’s a boilerplate template? It’s the source code for a project that’s already setup with many things that are needed in a new project; for example: Stripe subscriptions functionality Background jobs CSS framework User/team management A great example is Saas Pegasus, which seems like an amazing boilerplate loved by many people. My boilerplate is going to be much simpler - and also much cheaper. SaaS Pegasus comes with so many features that it’s worth the $249 starting price. I’m aiming for $5-$10. Goals My goal is to sell this boilerplate to at least 10 people - and have them be happy using it. This means: talking to prospective customers and seeing if this can be useful to them. People will have the option of scheduling a 15 minute pre-purchase call with me for $5 to see if this would be useful to them. The payment is purely to make sure that I only spend time talking to people who are somewhat serious about purchasing. providing excellent after sales support. I’ll include a 60 minute setup call with me for any purchase. While a 60 minute call for a $10 sale isn’t scalable, it’s a great way for me to talk to customers at the start. having a no questions asked refund policy. My experiences with running an e-commerce store in the past tell me this is an amazing way to build trust. provide on-going support, updates, and fixes over email. build a mailing list of people interested in my work who I can email when I launch my future projects. The deliverable The boilerplate will allow developers to quickly start a project that uses Django for the backend and NextJS for the frontend. My recent experiences with another project in this tech stack required me to spend significant time on: figuring out how to setup authentication b/w Django & NextJS (this took the most time & effort) setting up Django Rest Framework so I could write APIs that would be used by the frontend writing Docker files that would build 2 containers - backend & frontend writing Terraform scripts to deploy those containers to AWS ECS writing config & scripts to run the project on Gitpod so it could be easily worked on by my team members My plan is to build a boilerplate that already has most those features built in, plus a few extras: Celery with Redis for background task processing Tailwind CSS for the frontend (in my project I used ChakraUI but Tailwind would be a better option for a boilerplate) If there’s demand for it, a stretch goal is to include social auth (sign-in with Google/Apple/etc) Once complete, I’ll put this on Gumroad and create a landing page there. From then on, it’s all about marketing it; that’s the part which I have no experience with and hope to learn the most from. The marketing plan This is the area where I lack any experience; so I’m not sure how I’m going to market this. Some ideas I have: build it in public on Twitter. I have a tiny Twitter following (312 followers) so not sure how useful this could be. But I have to try something. share it with people asking how to setup Django & NextJS on forums like Reddit, Stackoverflow, and others. maybe write a blog post on how to setup Django & NextJS and then link to the boilerplate from there. The blog post would provider all the steps necessary for the basic setup and the boilerplate would go beyond that with something that’s ready to use. The build log I’d also like to create a build log with this project. This will be a daily note of what I did for this project. I’ll keep it in my notes app Reflect and periodically put it here in this blog post. These daily notes might also serve as content for my build-in-public marketing strategy.