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TheCollector

TheCollector
8 Myths About the Greek God Ares Ares was the Greek god of war and battle frenzy. He numbered among the twelve Olympian gods who...
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Ares was the Greek god of war and battle frenzy. He numbered among the twelve Olympian gods who ruled over the cosmos. While his sister Athena was a goddess of war, representing strategy and temperance, Ares represented battle lust and the horrors of war. He was often followed...
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Battle of Andrassos: Byzantine Empire vs. Sayf al-Dawla’s Jihad During the 10th century CE Sayf al-Dawla, Sword of the Dynasty, ruler of the Emirate of Aleppo...
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During the 10th century CE Sayf al-Dawla, Sword of the Dynasty, ruler of the Emirate of Aleppo became the most prominent antagonist of the Byzantine Empire. Taking up the call of jihad, he launched devastating raids year after year across the Taurus mountains into the lands of...
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Who Were the Desert Fathers (& Mothers)? The Desert Fathers appeared on the Christian historical scene in the third century CE. Saint Anthony...
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The Desert Fathers appeared on the Christian historical scene in the third century CE. Saint Anthony is often considered the most notable among them, though he was not the first. The Desert Fathers were committed and dedicated believers who chose an ascetic lifestyle that would...
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The Metaphysics of Stoicism: 4 Key Tenets One of the most fundamental questions examined by most philosophical schools of thought is the...
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One of the most fundamental questions examined by most philosophical schools of thought is the nature of existence. According to Stoicism, everything in the universe is matter, created, animated, destroyed, and recreated by divine fire, logos. Consequently, everything is...
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8 Important Norse Symbols From the Viking World While many stories survive about Norse mythology and legendary Viking warriors, these mostly come...
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While many stories survive about Norse mythology and legendary Viking warriors, these mostly come from later Christian accounts, as the pagan Vikings wrote very little about themselves. But symbols were powerful in the Viking world. They could be used as shorthand for important...
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How Did People Track Time Before Clocks? Humans’ age-old desire to tell time has helped propel the rise of more advanced time-telling tools....
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Humans’ age-old desire to tell time has helped propel the rise of more advanced time-telling tools. The need to track the different parts of the day and night led people in ancient civilizations, such as those in Greece and Egypt, to develop water clocks, sundials, and other...
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The Forgotten Son of Claudius Who Never Became an Emperor Britannicus was the son of the Roman emperor Claudius and his third wife Messalina. The infant boy...
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Britannicus was the son of the Roman emperor Claudius and his third wife Messalina. The infant boy was proudly named Britannicus by his father following his conquest of Britain, and as Claudius’s only living son, Britannicus was his presumed heir.   But when Messalina fell from...
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Francisco Goya’s Descent into Madness: The Disturbing Black Paintings Francisco Goya grew up to be a vibrant young artist in late 18th-century Spain, yet he is known for...
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Francisco Goya grew up to be a vibrant young artist in late 18th-century Spain, yet he is known for some of art history’s darkest works. The Black Paintings were a series of dark, pessimistic subjects that an elderly Goya painted on the interior walls of his private home, never...
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10 Masterpieces of Ottoman Architecture In its early years, the Ottoman Empire was inspired by Persio-Islamic and Byzantine culture. This...
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In its early years, the Ottoman Empire was inspired by Persio-Islamic and Byzantine culture. This affected the style of Ottoman architecture, and Mosques, madrasas, hospitals, bazaars, and palaces reflected this rich cultural blend. Learn about ten architectural marvels from the...
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7 Great Medieval Cities That Thrived on Trade In medieval Europe, trade was a key part of the day-to-day economy. Great trading cities would see...
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In medieval Europe, trade was a key part of the day-to-day economy. Great trading cities would see hundreds, if not thousands, of merchants pass through their city gates every year, selling wares from lands as far away as India and China. It is hard to fathom in today’s...
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4 Historic Sites in Arizona Arizona, home to Phoenix, the fifth-largest city in the United States, maybe one of the youngest...
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Arizona, home to Phoenix, the fifth-largest city in the United States, maybe one of the youngest states in the nation, but its history runs deep. Beyond its reputation for spring training games, vibrant universities, and record-high temperatures, Arizona offers a wealth of...
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How Frida Kahlo Transformed Pain Into a Timeless Artistic Legacy Characterized by deep symbolism and vibrant color palettes, the works of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo...
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Characterized by deep symbolism and vibrant color palettes, the works of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo have been described as introspective and deeply personal. Best known for her powerful self-portraits, Kahlo’s works reflect lifelong health struggles, including her chronic pain...
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Who Is Lilith and Did Adam Have a Wife Before Eve? Although medieval folklore abounds with demonesses, none is more prominent than Lilith. Her origins...
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Although medieval folklore abounds with demonesses, none is more prominent than Lilith. Her origins trace back to Mesopotamian myths older than 2000 BCE, and similar spirits appear in even earlier traditions. Apart from one vague reference in Isaiah 34, Lilith is absent from the...
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The Life & Death of John (Son of Zebedee) of the Twelve Disciples John was the youngest among the Twelve Disciples. Throughout church history, Bible scholars have...
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John was the youngest among the Twelve Disciples. Throughout church history, Bible scholars have known him as John the Beloved, John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, John the Elder, and the Beloved Apostle. He seems to have been a two-sided character, on the one hand “a son of...
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Thor’s Adventures in Jotunheim (The Norse Myth of Utgard-Loki) The Prose Edda preserves a strange story that sees Thor, Loki, and two servants traveling to...
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The Prose Edda preserves a strange story that sees Thor, Loki, and two servants traveling to Jotunheim. But when they get there, nothing is as it seems. They encounter a world of illusion. Overall, it feels a bit like the Norse version of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Many of...
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Anne of Cleves: The Wife King Henry Loved Most? Anne of Cleves is often characterized as Henry VIII’s least favorite wife. The infamous womanizer...
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Anne of Cleves is often characterized as Henry VIII’s least favorite wife. The infamous womanizer had his marriage to her annulled on the basis that her looks were so unappealing that he could not consummate the union. But the evidence of Henry’s treatment of Anne after their...
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Bayezid the “Thunderbolt”, the Ottoman Sultan Who Died in Captivity In the late 14th century, Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I annexed several Turkic emirates to ensure the...
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In the late 14th century, Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I annexed several Turkic emirates to ensure the political unity of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). The lords who had their principalities usurped by Bayezid requested the aid of Timur, founder of the Samarqand-based Timurid dynasty,...
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The Iconography of Augustus’s Ara Pacis in Rome Rome’s first emperor Augustus erected the Ara Pacis, an altar dedicated to Pax Romana, in 13 BCE. It...
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Rome’s first emperor Augustus erected the Ara Pacis, an altar dedicated to Pax Romana, in 13 BCE. It celebrated that Augustus had brought peace to Rome following years of war, and its dedication coincided with a period during which Augustus promoted the importance of family and...
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Meet Henry the Navigator, the Man Who Began the Age of Exploration The late Middle Ages and the Early Modern period saw the “Age of Exploration” really come into play,...
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The late Middle Ages and the Early Modern period saw the “Age of Exploration” really come into play, from a Eurocentric viewpoint. Some of the biggest names in history are to be found in this period: Christopher Columbus, Vasco de Gama, Marco Polo, and perhaps a man that you’ve...
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How Many Children Did Genghis Khan Have? Separating Myth from Reality Genghis Khan’s genetic legacy has never been doubted. The question is, how many kids did Genghis...
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Genghis Khan’s genetic legacy has never been doubted. The question is, how many kids did Genghis Khan have? According to historical records, Khan’s official heirs numbered four through his primary wife Börte. Married to Temujin, later Khan, at age 17, Börte’s original tribe...
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Was Camelot Inspired by a Real Location? In the legends of King Arthur, the famous capital city of the king is Camelot. Yet despite the fact...
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In the legends of King Arthur, the famous capital city of the king is Camelot. Yet despite the fact that the Arthurian legends are based in a historical setting, Camelot itself is widely regarded as fictional. It is considered to have been an invention of the French writers who...
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How Virgil Made Aeneas an Epic Hero Originally a minor figure in the Homeric epic The Iliad, Aeneas is cast by Virgil as the hero in his...
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Originally a minor figure in the Homeric epic The Iliad, Aeneas is cast by Virgil as the hero in his epic The Aeneid. This is an appropriate choice for Augustan Rome when Virgil was writing. Aeneas displays important virtues and an expedient bloodline, but he does not always meet...
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9 Myths About Hermes From Greek Mythology Hermes was the messenger of the gods and one of the twelve Olympian deities the ancient Greeks...
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Hermes was the messenger of the gods and one of the twelve Olympian deities the ancient Greeks believed ruled over the cosmos. He was a patron of merchants and thieves, and a protector of travelers. Identifiable by his herald’s wand and winged sandals, Hermes’ main role in...
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How Were Medieval Battles Fought? A Guide to Medieval Warfare The medieval period was a time of near-constant conflict throughout Europe. In spite of the...
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The medieval period was a time of near-constant conflict throughout Europe. In spite of the seemingly endless wars, full-scale pitched battles—the favorite subject of history enthusiasts and Hollywood alike—were actually rare compared to other types of warfare. However, when they...
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How the Byzantines Retook Crete From the Arabs in the Siege of Chandax In the 820s CE, Byzantium was embroiled in a destructive civil war. Taking advantage of the...
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In the 820s CE, Byzantium was embroiled in a destructive civil war. Taking advantage of the Byzantines being occupied with killing one another, a group of exiled Andalusian Arabs landed on the island of Crete and conquered it. From their new island home, they launched devastating...
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How Ancient Assyria Used Religion to Become a Superpower Religious policies have been utilized by monarchies and governments for political gains since the...
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Religious policies have been utilized by monarchies and governments for political gains since the beginning of civilization. Few have done so as successfully as the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The kings of both the Old and Middle Assyrian periods provided their successors with the...
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Why Did René Descartes Say “I Think, Therefore I Am”? “Cogito, ergo sum”, Latin for “I think, therefore I am”, is René Descartes’ most celebrated and...
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“Cogito, ergo sum”, Latin for “I think, therefore I am”, is René Descartes’ most celebrated and influential contribution to humanity. The statement was the prized conclusion of his famous journey of radical skepticism, one that served as the solid foundation of his philosophy. In...
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Ptolemy I Soter, the Successor of Alexander Who Became a Pharaoh Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece were two of the greatest civilizations of the Mediterranean world....
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Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece were two of the greatest civilizations of the Mediterranean world. They were brought closer together when the Macedonian king Alexander the Great established his grand empire across the Greek-speaking world and the Near East, including conquering...
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Rome vs. the Alamanni at the Battle of Strasbourg (357 CE) In the mid-4th century CE, the Roman Empire found itself in a precarious position. While the emperor...
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In the mid-4th century CE, the Roman Empire found itself in a precarious position. While the emperor Constantius II had been entrenched in a protracted war against the Sassanids in the East, the other Augustus, Constans, was murdered by the Germanic usurper, Magnentius. The power...
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Tracing the Roots of Shaolin Kung Fu Back to Ancient China Shaolin kung fu, or Shaolinquan is one of the oldest extant styles of martial arts and one of the...
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Shaolin kung fu, or Shaolinquan is one of the oldest extant styles of martial arts and one of the most influential. It has existed since the 6th century CE as a means of self-defense and exercise for Buddhist monks. Over time it spread throughout Eastern Asia. Even many modern...
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Marquis de Lafayette: 12 Details About “The Soldier’s Friend” With nicknames like “The Soldier’s Friend” and “Hero of Two Worlds,” Marquis de Lafayette went down...
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With nicknames like “The Soldier’s Friend” and “Hero of Two Worlds,” Marquis de Lafayette went down in history as a man of means who used his resources for good. Involved in causes such as the American Revolution, French Revolution, and human rights for all, he was a soldier,...
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Did a Real Woman Inspire Caravaggio’s Judith? Caravaggio’s depiction of Judith is unlike many of his contemporaries’ depictions of her. Could...
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Caravaggio’s depiction of Judith is unlike many of his contemporaries’ depictions of her. Could Caravaggio have known a real-life Judith to inspire him in 16th-century Rome?   The Biblical Judith   Judith was a woman described in the Bible as a savior for her village and people....
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Sulla’s Brutal Siege of Athens (87-86 BCE) With the sack of Corinth in 146 BCE, Greek resistance to Roman power had been dealt a crushing blow....
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With the sack of Corinth in 146 BCE, Greek resistance to Roman power had been dealt a crushing blow. After Lucius Mummius had defeated the Achaean League, there was an influx of art and loot into the Republic. These treasures profoundly shaped Roman culture, as “captive Greece...
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What Did Socrates Really Mean When He Said “Know Thyself”? Inscribed at the Delphic temple of Apollo was the famous maxim, ‘know thyself’, a charge that...
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Inscribed at the Delphic temple of Apollo was the famous maxim, ‘know thyself’, a charge that Socrates continuously invoked in numerous Platonic dialogues. Self-knowledge was the essence of Socrates’ philosophical project, not in the modern sense of self-discovery, but in the...
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3 Dark Age Kings of Britain Confirmed by Archaeology Early Dark Age Britain is notorious for being poorly recorded. Most of our information about the era...
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Early Dark Age Britain is notorious for being poorly recorded. Most of our information about the era comes from much later records, written centuries after the events they allegedly describe. There is endless debate among scholars, based on the literary evidence, surrounding the...
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6 Female Kings From World History Most societies throughout world history have been ruled by men. In these patriarchal systems, women...
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Most societies throughout world history have been ruled by men. In these patriarchal systems, women typically come to the throne in the absence of male dynasts or as queens who outlive or overthrow their spouses. Most female rulers who exercised power in their own right are known...
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How Pompeii’s Bodies Are Preserved, Frozen in Time In 79 CE, the Vesuvius volcano in Southern Italy erupted, destroying settlements around it and...
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In 79 CE, the Vesuvius volcano in Southern Italy erupted, destroying settlements around it and taking the lives of up to 16,000 residents. The most significant death toll occurred in the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, wealthy local centers of trade and production. Since their...
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What the Sanctuary of Odysseus Reveals About Ancient Greek Beliefs What if the myths you know are hiding deeper truths? For thousands of years, Odysseus—the legendary...
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What if the myths you know are hiding deeper truths? For thousands of years, Odysseus—the legendary king of Ithaca and hero of Homer’s Odyssey—has captured the imaginations of people worldwide. Now, thanks to modern archaeological discoveries on the storied Greek island, the gap...
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The Mystery of the Black Madonnas and Their Connection to Ancient Egypt She’s more than stood the test of time; once hidden in grottos and secreted away in caves, the Black...
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She’s more than stood the test of time; once hidden in grottos and secreted away in caves, the Black Madonnas were “rediscovered” by her people who couldn’t bear to be parted from her. Instead of, “Behold the earth goddess, granter of fertility!” many pre-modern people simply...
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Why Did Pausanias Write His Travel Guide to Ancient Greece? In the 2nd century CE, the Greek writer Pausanias spent decades traveling around ancient Greece,...
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In the 2nd century CE, the Greek writer Pausanias spent decades traveling around ancient Greece, which was then part of the Roman Empire. He recorded what he saw and compiled a guide for other travelers called the Perigereis Hellados or Guide to Greece. Through his descriptions,...
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What Caused the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire? Ancient Rome is hailed as one of the most distinguished civilizations in history due to the amount...
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Ancient Rome is hailed as one of the most distinguished civilizations in history due to the amount of power and control it wielded at its peak. The empire had advanced technologies and outstanding military successes. Beginning in the 8th century BCE, it grew from a small town...
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Hegel’s Master-Slave Dialectic Explained Philosophers often find it useful to narrate a hypothetical conversation or confrontation between...
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Philosophers often find it useful to narrate a hypothetical conversation or confrontation between individuals to illustrate a theoretical idea. Plato’s famous Socratic dialogues are an example of this. Similarly, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s master-slave dialectic tells the...
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The Debasement of Roman Coinage During the Third-Century Crisis The history of Roman coins goes deep into the past, with the first true Roman coins introduced at...
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The history of Roman coins goes deep into the past, with the first true Roman coins introduced at the beginning of the 3rd century BCE. By the end of the 3rd century BCE, the silver denarius was first introduced, and it remained the dominant coin in the Roman world for the next...
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How the Flight of the Earls Changed Irish History Forever The Flight of the Earls took place on September 4, 1607 when three prominent Gaelic noble...
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The Flight of the Earls took place on September 4, 1607 when three prominent Gaelic noble families,those of Hugh O’Neill, Rory O’Donnell, and the Maguire clan, fled Ireland to escape feared arrest and seek Spanish assistance for resumption of hostilities against the British...
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Alix of Hesse, the Tragic German Princess Who Became the Last Tsarina Princess Alexandra led a privileged childhood in the German Empire, close to her cousins in the...
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Princess Alexandra led a privileged childhood in the German Empire, close to her cousins in the British royal family. Her charmed upbringing led to a teenage romance with the future tsar of Russia, Nicholas Romanov. She became the empress of the Russian Empire when her husband...
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6 Developments Which Revolutionized Early Modern European Warfare The early modern period is often cited as a military revolution. Though some scholars describe an...
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The early modern period is often cited as a military revolution. Though some scholars describe an evolutionary rather than a revolutionary process, it is undeniable that European battlefields of the 16th and 17th centuries witnessed major changes in tactics and equipment. The...
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What Is the Most Visited Wonder of the World? Throughout human history, people have sought to build and to find the most incredible and...
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Throughout human history, people have sought to build and to find the most incredible and awe-inspiring things. Alongside this effort, people have also sought to categorize and determine which things are worthy of the greatest attention. In ancient times, the Greeks published...
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The 9 Largest Cities of the Medieval World The Medieval Period, which lasted roughly 1,000 years between the 470s CE and 1400- 1450 CE was a...
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The Medieval Period, which lasted roughly 1,000 years between the 470s CE and 1400- 1450 CE was a period of cultural evolution and religious power. Growing populations gave way to major urban developments and became symbols of power that benefited the ruling class through the...
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5 Important Schools of Philosophy in Ancient Rome Roman philosophy generally shared an interest in studying the art of living. Ancient Roman schools...
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Roman philosophy generally shared an interest in studying the art of living. Ancient Roman schools of philosophy often wanted to answer the question: how does one live best? And they all proposed answers, albeit with important differences, on how the individual is to achieve...
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Was King Arthur… a King in the Earliest Legends? The question of King Arthur’s historicity continues to be debated. However, something that is...
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The question of King Arthur’s historicity continues to be debated. However, something that is frequently seen in many modern debates is the claim that Arthur, if he existed, was definitely not a king. Rather, he would have been just a war leader. This is based on the supposed...
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Discover Caral-Supe: The Cradle of Civilization in the Americas Cradles of civilization are regions where humans developed complex social systems independently....
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Cradles of civilization are regions where humans developed complex social systems independently. There are six accepted cradles of civilization: Egypt, India, Mesopotamia, China, Olmec, and Caral-Supe. The first societies all formed around agriculture. The Caral-Supe, who emerged...
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How France Overthrew Its King (Again) in the July Revolution of 1830 In the last days of July 1830, a series of repressive ordinances issued by King Charles X provoked...
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In the last days of July 1830, a series of repressive ordinances issued by King Charles X provoked widespread protests. Led by liberals and moderates, the demonstrations in Paris soon turned into a full-fledged revolution: the Second French Revolution. After three days of street...
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How Did the Small Kingdom of Georgia Beat the Mighty Seljuks in 1121? Decades of conflict between the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuk Turks culminated in a decisive...
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Decades of conflict between the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuk Turks culminated in a decisive battle fought in 1121 CE in the Didgori mountain ranges, 40 km west of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. King David IV (reigned 1089-1125) longed to put an end to the Seljuk raids and...
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How Did the Spice Trade Influence Global Exploration? The spice trade is credited with bringing spices such as cinnamon, cloves, ginger, and pepper to...
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The spice trade is credited with bringing spices such as cinnamon, cloves, ginger, and pepper to many parts of the world. The trade which started several millennia ago flourished due to high demand for spices, and is considered to be one of the main catalysts of globalization as...
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Disaster for Sparta! The Battle of Sphacteria (425 BCE) In 425 BCE, during the early phase of the Peloponnesian War, known as the Archidamian War (431-421...
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In 425 BCE, during the early phase of the Peloponnesian War, known as the Archidamian War (431-421 BCE), the Athenians under Demosthenes captured the Island of Pylos. The Athenian capture of Pylos posed a significant threat to Sparta by providing a prime raiding base near Spartan...
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Battle of Cynoscephalae: Macedonian Phalanx vs Roman Legion Since the time of Alexander the Great (336-323 BCE), the Macedonians had dominated the eastern...
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Since the time of Alexander the Great (336-323 BCE), the Macedonians had dominated the eastern Mediterranean. Their heavy infantry phalanx rolled over the Greek cities and then the Persian Empire. To the west, Roman legionnaires had conquered Italy and were overwhelming Carthage....
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The Evolution of Still Life From Baroque Art to Modern Minimalism Although still life painting as a representational form has existed since antiquity, it only began...
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Although still life painting as a representational form has existed since antiquity, it only began to take a form familiar to us in the 16th century during the Baroque era. Still life painting was fairly popular among women artists as it did not require studying nude human...
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9 Strangest Colors in Art History Humans have always been fascinated with color and its transformations. Starting from earth pigments...
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Humans have always been fascinated with color and its transformations. Starting from earth pigments at the dawn of humankind, they moved to experimenting with minerals, organic substances, and even synthetic materials to create new tones to use in art and design. Some of these...
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6 Facts About Freyr, the Norse God of Virility & Fertility The Norse god Freyr, with his shining golden boar, was associated with virility, fertility, and good...
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The Norse god Freyr, with his shining golden boar, was associated with virility, fertility, and good fortune. He was one of the most popular gods in the Viking Age. He was widely worshiped in a trinity along with Odin and Thor. Claimed as a divine ancestor by the Swedish kings,...
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When Is Juneteenth and What Does It Celebrate? Also known as “Juneteenth Independence Day” or “Emancipation Day,” Juneteenth is a federal holiday...
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Also known as “Juneteenth Independence Day” or “Emancipation Day,” Juneteenth is a federal holiday marking the day when enslaved African Americans living in Galveston, Texas, learned of their freedom. While President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, it would...
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The Fragile Beauty of Glass Art (From Ancient Glassware to Modern Art) Glass is an ancient artistic material, used by artists of all cultures for millennia. Despite its...
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Glass is an ancient artistic material, used by artists of all cultures for millennia. Despite its fragility, it managed to preserve quite well, with traditions and artifacts being passed down from generation to generation of artists. Read on to take a look at the long history of...
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Who Was the Only Sole-Ruling Queen in Biblical History? In the biblical book of Second Samuel, God gives the recently crowned King David a promise via the...
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In the biblical book of Second Samuel, God gives the recently crowned King David a promise via the Prophet Nathan: David’s dynasty would never end. There would never cease to be a king in David’s line sitting on this throne. But in a dramatic incident several generations later,...
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The Dark History Behind Repin’s “Ivan the Terrible and His Son” Painting Ilya Repin was one of the most versatile and talented artists of his day and age. More than a...
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Ilya Repin was one of the most versatile and talented artists of his day and age. More than a century has passed since Ilya Repin’s Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on 16 November 1581 was revealed to the public, and yet the work still manages to scare, provoke, and spark...
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7 Misunderstood Masterpieces and the Surprising Truth Behind Them Some famous paintings are not what they seem at first glance. Some symbols and forms transform over...
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Some famous paintings are not what they seem at first glance. Some symbols and forms transform over the years, leaving viewers unable to decode the true intentions of artists, even if it is a well-known and revered one. For example, for almost two centuries, art historians...
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How Did Plato Influence the Early Church? Plato played an important role in the works of several Church Fathers as they defended the truth...
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Plato played an important role in the works of several Church Fathers as they defended the truth claims of Christianity in the early centuries. The writings of Church Fathers like Justin Martyr, Clement of Rome, and Origen demonstrate how Plato was used to synthesize Christianity...
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How the Sans-Culottes Became the French Revolution’s Radical Fighters With their long trousers, short jacket, and red cap of liberty, the sans-culottes are one of the...
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With their long trousers, short jacket, and red cap of liberty, the sans-culottes are one of the more distinctive figures commonly associated with the French Revolution. From 1792, the term sans-culottes referred to the most radical supporters of the revolution, demanding...
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The Hero’s Journey & Classical Hero Archetypes in the Bible The “hero’s journey” is a staple of mythology, narratology, and psychology. The Bible contains many...
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The “hero’s journey” is a staple of mythology, narratology, and psychology. The Bible contains many examples of this monomyth in its stories of archetypal heroes and their journeys. This includes myths surrounding the birth of the hero, as well as the hero’s inner and outer...
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When Was Britain’s Oldest College Founded? The post-Roman era of Britain is synonymous with the Dark Ages. Due to the very name of this era,...
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The post-Roman era of Britain is synonymous with the Dark Ages. Due to the very name of this era, many today view it as a time during which society had collapsed and Britain was in chaos. While such a view is not entirely without basis, there was still considerable development...
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What Does the Bible Say About Polygamy? Despite frequent references in popular Western culture to heterosexual monogamy as the traditional...
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Despite frequent references in popular Western culture to heterosexual monogamy as the traditional (and sometimes even “biblical”) view of marriage, the Bible itself neither condemns polygamy nor enjoins monogamy. Christians or Jews interested in forming a theology of marriage...
TheCollector
The Story of Cleisthenes:, the Founder of Democracy in Ancient Athens The Athenians were generous when it came to commemorating the founders of their democracy. The...
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The Athenians were generous when it came to commemorating the founders of their democracy. The 6th-century reformer Solon was held in high regard, as were the two assassins of Hipparchus, Harmodius and Aristogeiton. Even the mythological king Theseus was venerated. Oddly, the one...
TheCollector
Why Did It Take Two Years for Juneteenth to Happen? The abolition of slavery in the United States is usually associated with the Emancipation...
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The abolition of slavery in the United States is usually associated with the Emancipation Proclamation, issued in its final form by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. Juneteenth, a US federal holiday commemorating the liberation of African-American slaves in Texas,...
TheCollector
The Controversial Story of Olympias, Alexander the Great’s Powerful Mother Jealous, vengeful, cruel, foreign, and with a fondness for snakes, Olympias has often been portrayed...
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Jealous, vengeful, cruel, foreign, and with a fondness for snakes, Olympias has often been portrayed as a malevolent figure. More than two thousand years after she lived and died, it is impossible to know what she was actually like, but the actions of the mother of Alexander the...
TheCollector
How Rembrandt’s Art Became a Masterclass in Light and Shadow From the highest praise of some critics to the lowest execrations comparing his painting to “dung,”...
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From the highest praise of some critics to the lowest execrations comparing his painting to “dung,” Rembrandt’s later art was provocative in the 17th-century Dutch Golden Age. Today, his status is justly assured as an exquisite and intuitive handler of light and shadow as a...
TheCollector
The Last Effort to Save the Empire During the Fall of Rome The fall of Rome may be seen as irreversible in hindsight. However, several significant Roman...
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The fall of Rome may be seen as irreversible in hindsight. However, several significant Roman leaders of the 5th century were able to bring the empire to the brink of salvation. It was a betrayal that prevented the general Flavius Aetius from being able to complete the...
TheCollector
Why Is Goliath Killed Twice in the Bible? David’s slaying of Goliath is one of the Bible’s most well-known stories. But the story’s plot line...
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David’s slaying of Goliath is one of the Bible’s most well-known stories. But the story’s plot line in the Hebrew Bible contains three confusing wrinkles. First, the reader is introduced to David twice in the narrative. Second, David meets Saul, the king of Israel, twice in the...
TheCollector
4 Notorious Roman Emperors and Their Scandalous Stories Evolving from the Roman Republic, Rome became an empire in 27 BCE and seemed to be off to a good...
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Evolving from the Roman Republic, Rome became an empire in 27 BCE and seemed to be off to a good start with Augustus, who had a posthumous reputation for a high moral character and effective rule. Some Roman emperors seem to have followed in his footsteps, such as the “five good...
TheCollector
What Court Rules Did Marie Antoinette Have to Follow? With privilege comes specific obligations, or so it would seem in the 1700 French royal court of...
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With privilege comes specific obligations, or so it would seem in the 1700 French royal court of Versailles. In order to reinforce the hierarchy and culture the French royal family had specific rules and pageantry attached to regular every day occurrences that Marie Antoinette...
TheCollector
9 Ancient Roman Roads That Still Exist Today During Roman times, the empire stretched from Britain to the Middle East, held together by fortified...
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During Roman times, the empire stretched from Britain to the Middle East, held together by fortified cities, sprawling forums, aqueducts, and military camps. Sites like Diocletian’s Palace in Split, the arena in Nîmes, the Roman theater in Cartagena, and the arches of Narbonne...
TheCollector
How Locke and His Heirs Redefined Beauty (Aesthetic Sense) The century that is very important for the development of modern aesthetics was influenced by the...
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The century that is very important for the development of modern aesthetics was influenced by the philosophers of the 17th century. This century is dominated by rationalism and empiricism. The latter begins with the philosophy of John Locke. Then, there is almost no mention of...
TheCollector
Is Pascal’s Wager About Happiness? Pascal’s Wager is frequently misunderstood as an argument for the existence of God. In fact, Pascal...
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Pascal’s Wager is frequently misunderstood as an argument for the existence of God. In fact, Pascal believed it was impossible to argue that God either exists or does not exist. His wager is essentially a bet we can make on the existence of God: the stake is our happiness, and...
TheCollector
What Happened to Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great? By the time Alexander the Great died in the summer of 323 BCE Olympias had over three decades of...
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By the time Alexander the Great died in the summer of 323 BCE Olympias had over three decades of experience at the forefront of Macedonian politics, first as a wife and then as a mother of kings. She was one of the first ancient Greek women to have a significant impact on...
TheCollector
Your Ultimate Guide to São Paulo’s Must-See Art Attractions São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil and in the western hemisphere with over 22 million people....
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São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil and in the western hemisphere with over 22 million people. Within this massive metropolis are world-class museums, art galleries, and endless street art. The city is home to famous artists and collectors who fuel its creative energy. This...
TheCollector
What Was the Relationship Between Assyria and Babylon? The Assyrian Empire grew out of the city of Assur, which was named for the principal god of Assyria,...
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The Assyrian Empire grew out of the city of Assur, which was named for the principal god of Assyria, and became a significant military power. Meanwhile, Babylon was under the patronage of the god Marduk and was known as an important cultural and religious center in the region....
TheCollector
Who Were the Legendary Sons of King Arthur? In the Arthurian legends, Mordred is by far the most famous son of King Arthur to modern audiences....
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In the Arthurian legends, Mordred is by far the most famous son of King Arthur to modern audiences. He was the figure who instigated a civil war against Arthur, leading to the downfall of Camelot. However, in the earliest traces of the Arthurian legends, Mordred was not Arthur’s...
TheCollector
What Did People Eat in the Middle Ages? People often have several misconceptions about medieval food. There seems to be a notion that...
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People often have several misconceptions about medieval food. There seems to be a notion that peasants survived on crusts of stale bread and watered-down ale, while every night the lord of the manor and the kings and emperors around the globe were feasting on rich, expensive...
TheCollector
How Did James VI and I React to the Scottish Reformation? We know King James I of England primarily through his name being attached to the King James Version...
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We know King James I of England primarily through his name being attached to the King James Version of the Holy Bible, which was printed in 1611. Before he was James I of England, he was James VI of Scotland, enthroned there in 1567. He was a Protestant King, but also believed in...
TheCollector
10 Must-See Medieval Castles in Japan Medieval castles in Japan originated during the Sengoku period (1467–1603), a time of relentless...
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Medieval castles in Japan originated during the Sengoku period (1467–1603), a time of relentless civil war when regional warlords, or daimyō, fortified strategic sites to defend territory and assert power. Unlike European castles, these structures evolved into complex hubs of...
TheCollector
Hannibal’s First Great Victory Over Rome at the Battle of Trebbia (218 BCE) In 218 BCE, the Second Punic War erupted when Carthage captured the Spanish city of Saguntum, an...
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In 218 BCE, the Second Punic War erupted when Carthage captured the Spanish city of Saguntum, an ally of the Roman Republic. The war was one of the ancient world’s largest conflicts. It was fought across Spain, Italy, and Africa, eventually spilling over into Greece and Asia....
TheCollector
Was Charles VI of France Truly Mad or Misunderstood? Few monarchs have caused so much controversy among historians as Charles VI of France (r....
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Few monarchs have caused so much controversy among historians as Charles VI of France (r. 1380-1422). Charles VI is perhaps most well-known for his losses during the Hundred Years’ War and for turning the tide in favor of the English. However, should we be looking at his reign in...
TheCollector
How Nietzsche’s Zarathustra Redefined Morality & Revolutionized Philosophy Few philosophical writings are as evocative and poetic as Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Written in...
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Few philosophical writings are as evocative and poetic as Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Written in dramatic, even prophetic style, Nietzsche’s Zarathustra is not so much literature—it’s more of a provocation, a vision, and a call to humanity to go beyond itself. Through mystical...
TheCollector
How Did Nubia Shape Ancient Egypt? The ancient Egyptians were known for disliking, or even despising, foreigners. In art and texts,...
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The ancient Egyptians were known for disliking, or even despising, foreigners. In art and texts, they often depicted their closest neighbors—the Libyans, Asiatics/Canaanites, and the Nubians. Of those, they perhaps had the most complex relationship with the Nubians. The Egyptians...
TheCollector
Was Virgil’s Aeneid For or Against Emperor Augustus? The Aeneid was written at the end of the 1st century BCE, in the aftermath of numerous civil wars,...
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The Aeneid was written at the end of the 1st century BCE, in the aftermath of numerous civil wars, the fall of the Roman Republic, and the emergence of Augustus as the principal power in Rome. In this landscape, Augustus, the adoptive son of Caesar, strove to present himself as...
TheCollector
British Museum Curator Jill Cook on the Artistic Renaissance of the Ice Age In a discussion with TheCollector, Jill Cook, Keeper of the Department of Britain, Europe, and...
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In a discussion with TheCollector, Jill Cook, Keeper of the Department of Britain, Europe, and Prehistory at the British Museum, tells us about her latest book, “Ice Age Art Now” by British Museum Press. The conversation explored the concept and nature of Ice Age art, its...
TheCollector
Here’s Why John the Baptist Was Called the Greatest Prophet John was Jesus’s relative—perhaps a second cousin—born about six months before Jesus. With the...
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John was Jesus’s relative—perhaps a second cousin—born about six months before Jesus. With the exception of Mary, John could be considered the most important witness to Jesus’s identity as the Messiah of Israel, as recorded in the Four Gospels. His baptism of Jesus defined how he...
TheCollector
6 Monastic Marvels of Medieval Europe Monasteries helped shape medieval Europe in ways that often go unnoticed today. Beyond their...
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Monasteries helped shape medieval Europe in ways that often go unnoticed today. Beyond their religious role, they influenced learning, politics, and art across the continent. Of the thousands built between the 5th and 15th centuries, more than 500 still stand; some in truly...
TheCollector
What Happened to Anne Boleyn’s Iconic “B” Necklace? The tale of Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII’s fiercest queen, is as captivating as it is shocking. Despite...
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The tale of Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII’s fiercest queen, is as captivating as it is shocking. Despite Henry’s efforts to erase her from history as if she were Nefertiti instead of a woman in the modern era, Anne’s legacy persists — she was, after all, mother to the monarch who ruled...
TheCollector
Fascinating Medieval Creatures (From Krakens to Dragons) Folk beliefs in the Middle Ages included a variety of fantastical creatures pulled from a hodgepodge...
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Folk beliefs in the Middle Ages included a variety of fantastical creatures pulled from a hodgepodge of local customs, ancient tales, Judeo-Christian teachings, and limited understanding of zoology. The sea monsters and demons that feature in these stories range from the famous...
TheCollector
How Did the Public React to Henry Fuseli’s “The Nightmare”? The public reacted to Henry Fuseli’s The Nightmare immediately after it was exhibited at the Royal...
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The public reacted to Henry Fuseli’s The Nightmare immediately after it was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1782. It rattled audiences, spurring artists to copy the painting into prints and satires for a wider distribution of the image. As the image spread, so did its...
TheCollector
11 Essential Movies to Watch to Understand Film Noir Film noir is a genre of stylish American crime movies that emerged in the 1940s and 1950s, pushing...
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Film noir is a genre of stylish American crime movies that emerged in the 1940s and 1950s, pushing boundaries as they explored the darker side of humanity. These films feature some of Hollywood’s biggest Golden Age actors in labyrinthine plots that take them through the darkened...
TheCollector
How Bellerophon and Pegasus Took Down the Fire Breathing Chimera The heroic tale of Bellerophon and Pegasus is an inspiring story of perseverance and triumph in the...
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The heroic tale of Bellerophon and Pegasus is an inspiring story of perseverance and triumph in the face of insurmountable challenges. Despite facing misfortune initially, Bellerophon refused to let fate dictate his destiny. He accomplished the seemingly impossible by defeating...
TheCollector
Why Was the Islamic Golden Age a Turning Point in History? The Islamic Golden Age, spanning the 8th to the 14th centuries, was a rare historical period where...
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The Islamic Golden Age, spanning the 8th to the 14th centuries, was a rare historical period where developments in arts, culture and science coalesced, leading to a series of seismic academic breakthroughs. Islamic scholars advanced older knowledge or created their own...
TheCollector
9 Must-Visit World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands From medieval storms like the St. Lucia’s Flood in 1287 and the catastrophic All Saints’ Flood of...
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From medieval storms like the St. Lucia’s Flood in 1287 and the catastrophic All Saints’ Flood of 1570 to the brutal Siege of Haarlem during the Eighty Years’ War and the 1953 North Sea Flood that reshaped flood policy, the Netherlands has repeatedly faced existential threats....
TheCollector
How the Scythian Empire Ruled the Near East for Just 28 Years In the early 1st millennium BCE, the Scythians burst onto the ancient Near Eastern geopolitical...
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In the early 1st millennium BCE, the Scythians burst onto the ancient Near Eastern geopolitical scene in a frenzy of violence. The upstart Indo-European nomads upended the early Iron Age system that had developed in the region. By the late 7th century BCE, they made themselves...
TheCollector
Athena, Greek Goddess of Wisdom, War, and Weaving Athena was one of the most beloved and complex gods in the Greek pantheon. She was an arbiter of...
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Athena was one of the most beloved and complex gods in the Greek pantheon. She was an arbiter of justice and the goddess of war, a patron of peaceful crafts and protector of the state. To modern audiences, she is best known as the goddess of wisdom, yet this association was not...
TheCollector
8 Inventions to Thank the Aztec, Maya, & Inca For Columbus may have sailed in pursuit of gold, but what he and his successors found was a new world...
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Columbus may have sailed in pursuit of gold, but what he and his successors found was a new world full of never-before-seen plants, animals, and even technology. From unique foods to mind-boggling tools and skills, civilizations in Meso- and South America wowed newcomers with...
TheCollector
How Aeneas of Troy Set the Stage for Rome’s Rise Aeneas of Troy is a figure from ancient Greek mythology. However, he found fame for his involvement...
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Aeneas of Troy is a figure from ancient Greek mythology. However, he found fame for his involvement in the foundation of Rome thanks to an epic written about him by the Roman poet Virgil in the 1st century BCE. There are many misconceptions about what the sources say about...
TheCollector
10 Must-See Ancient Treasures From the Ashmolean Museum Oxford University’s Ashmolean Museum is one of the world’s oldest public museums, replacing private...
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Oxford University’s Ashmolean Museum is one of the world’s oldest public museums, replacing private cabinets of curiosity with organized displays designed to educate the public. It opened its doors in 1683 and is still open to the public for free today. The core of the original...
TheCollector
What Do We Actually Know about Hieronymus Bosch? Unlike some artists, Hieronymus Bosch was famous in his own time and inspired a generation of...
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Unlike some artists, Hieronymus Bosch was famous in his own time and inspired a generation of artists with his groundbreaking style and unusual subject matter. Even in his pieces that seem more straightforward and less fantastical, Bosch often wove in nuanced layers of meaning,...
TheCollector
Was Belisarius Byzantium’s Greatest General? Belisarius arrived in Constantinople around 520, serving in the military and joining Emperor...
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Belisarius arrived in Constantinople around 520, serving in the military and joining Emperor Justinian’s personal bodyguard. By 526, he had achieved a senior rank but had already commanded troops in battles for Emperor Justin. Upon Justin’s death, the new Emperor Justinian I gave...
TheCollector
7 Must-See Paintings by Edvard Munch The most famous of all Norwegian painters, Edvard Munch, is well-known for his dark and often...
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The most famous of all Norwegian painters, Edvard Munch, is well-known for his dark and often disturbing Expressionist works painted in screaming bold colors. He was a nervous man with poor health, prone to sudden disturbances and exaggerated emotional responses. Illness, both...
TheCollector
The Qin: How One Dynasty United Ancient China Few dynasties have had the cultural or historical impact that the Qin Dynasty had. China has a rich,...
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Few dynasties have had the cultural or historical impact that the Qin Dynasty had. China has a rich, varied, and sometimes complex history—but it all had to start somewhere. The Qin Dynasty was ancient China’s first imperial dynasty, and its legacy meant that China would be ruled...
TheCollector
Christianization of the Viking World: Why Did the Vikings Convert? One of the main causes of the end of the Viking era was the Vikings’ conversion to Christianity....
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One of the main causes of the end of the Viking era was the Vikings’ conversion to Christianity. This changed their political relationship with their neighbors, making raids more difficult, and made them less distinct from the rest of Europe. While there are stories of Christian...
TheCollector
Who Were the Cyclopes? The One-Eyed Giants of Greek Myth The one-eyed Cyclops is one of the most recognizable monsters in Greek mythology, but there is more...
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The one-eyed Cyclops is one of the most recognizable monsters in Greek mythology, but there is more to the story of the Cyclops than meets the eye. Homer depicted them as familiar, uncivilized brutes, while Hesiod described them as equals to the Titans and praised them as the...
TheCollector
The Incredible Life & Military Campaigns of the Assyrian King Sargon II Sargon II ascended the Assyrian throne in 722 BCE and reigned until 705 BCE. Little is known about...
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Sargon II ascended the Assyrian throne in 722 BCE and reigned until 705 BCE. Little is known about him before his contentious rise to power. Throughout his tenure as king, Sargon II entangled himself in political disputes, which often led to war, and in most cases, he emerged...
TheCollector
New British Museum Book Celebrates Hiroshige’s Lasting Legacy A new exhibition and publication bring to life the work of Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), one of...
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A new exhibition and publication bring to life the work of Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), one of Japan’s most popular and prolific artists. Hiroshige: artist of the open road presents a rarely seen range of prints, paintings, books, and sketches. It is the first-ever exhibition...
TheCollector
New British Museum Book Celebrates Hiroshige’s Lasting Legacy A new exhibition and publication bring to life the work of Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), one of...
2 weeks ago
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2 weeks ago
A new exhibition and publication bring to life the work of Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), one of Japan’s most popular and prolific artists. Hiroshige: artist of the open road presents a rarely seen range of prints, paintings, books, and sketches. It is the first-ever exhibition...
TheCollector
How Many People Are Related to Genghis Khan? The Genetic Legacy May Surprise You The question of Genghis Khan’s genetic history arose in the 2000s, when academics began looking into...
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The question of Genghis Khan’s genetic history arose in the 2000s, when academics began looking into how many descendants belonged to the fearsome leader. Researchers have tracked Khan’s Y chromosome and discovered a dizzying number of relations, tracing Genghis Khan’s genetic...
TheCollector
Battle of Manzikert: Byzantine Empire vs Seljuk Empire Continuous Seljuk raids and sieges in Anatolia in the 11th century CE culminated in a war between...
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Continuous Seljuk raids and sieges in Anatolia in the 11th century CE culminated in a war between these nomadic newcomers and the Byzantine, or Eastern Roman, Empire. When the Seljuk sultan, Alp Arslan, and the Byzantine emperor, Romanos IV Diogenes, met on the fields of...
TheCollector
What Is Kant’s Theory of Knowledge? One of Kant’s most distinctive contributions to philosophy is his theory of knowledge. This article...
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One of Kant’s most distinctive contributions to philosophy is his theory of knowledge. This article begins with a discussion of relevant theoretical context before addressing certain difficulties with summarizing Kant’s philosophy. The idea of transcendental idealism is then...
TheCollector
James II vs. William of Orange (Williamite War in Ireland) The Glorious Revolution of 1688 that brought Prince William of Orange to the throne of England at...
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The Glorious Revolution of 1688 that brought Prince William of Orange to the throne of England at the expense of King James II soon caused Ireland to be dragged into a European war as part of a contest involving Britain, the Netherlands, France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire....
TheCollector
Heidegger’s Being and Time: Understanding Dasein and Temporality Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time transformed philosophy in the 20th century by attempting something...
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Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time transformed philosophy in the 20th century by attempting something huge: trying to understand what it means to exist. Or, as Heidegger puts it, to be Dasein. He asks: how do our experiences in the past and present, our hopes and fears for the...
TheCollector
How Caravaggio’s Dramatic Use of Light Revolutionized Baroque Art Caravaggio’s dramatic chiaroscuro technique revolutionized Baroque painting. His use of light and...
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Caravaggio’s dramatic chiaroscuro technique revolutionized Baroque painting. His use of light and shadow as an expressive technique inspired countless artists and transformed the history of art. Instead of mathematical precision, the famous artist aimed for emotional impact....
TheCollector
How Did People Survive the Little Ice Age? Human resilience shines during the Little Ice Age, a period of intense cooling from the 14th to 19th...
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Human resilience shines during the Little Ice Age, a period of intense cooling from the 14th to 19th centuries. Europe, Alaska, and the North Atlantic battled severely low temperatures. While the exact cause is unclear, theories range from volcanic activity to changes in Earth’s...
TheCollector
The Myth of Morgan le Fey: The Witch of Arthurian Legend Morgan le Fey, or Morgan le Fay, is a character who appears in many versions of the Arthurian...
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Morgan le Fey, or Morgan le Fay, is a character who appears in many versions of the Arthurian legends and is a popular character in modern retellings. She is famous as an evil sorceress who schemed against King Arthur throughout his life. In reality, she was more complicated than...
TheCollector
What Was Athena the Goddess Of? Her 3 Domains Athena is one of the most famous deities from Greek antiquity. Born in full armor, springing forth...
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Athena is one of the most famous deities from Greek antiquity. Born in full armor, springing forth from the head of her father Zeus, the virgin goddess was her father’s favorite daughter. She was also a favorite among the Greek people as the patron of not just Athens but also...
TheCollector
The Valley of the Kings: Ancient Egypt’s Royal Necropolis Egypt is known the world over for its archaeological wonders—impressive tombs that froze dynasties...
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Egypt is known the world over for its archaeological wonders—impressive tombs that froze dynasties in time, complete with massive treasures and wonders of history. The Valley of the Kings is one of the most incredible locations in the country, home to dozens of tombs that...
TheCollector
The Antikythera Mechanism: An Ancient Greek Planetarium Since its discovery in 1901 off the coast of the Greek island of Antikythera, the Antikythera...
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Since its discovery in 1901 off the coast of the Greek island of Antikythera, the Antikythera Mechanism has fascinated scholars in many fields. Studies of the inscriptions on the mechanism and reconstructions of its gears have established that it was an astronomical calculator....
TheCollector
How to Gain Power as a Medieval Woman For medieval women, carving out a place of power was exceedingly difficult. For hundreds of years,...
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For medieval women, carving out a place of power was exceedingly difficult. For hundreds of years, medieval women and their stories were overlooked and forgotten. However, a select few managed to gain power for themselves in the form of influence or money. These extraordinary...
TheCollector
What Is the Smallest Country in Africa? The African continent is a big place. It is the second-largest continent and contains 54 countries,...
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The African continent is a big place. It is the second-largest continent and contains 54 countries, including the island nations that dot the coastline. While some countries, like Algeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Libya, and Sudan, are huge, there are many others...
TheCollector
10 Must-See Medieval Castles in the UK The medieval period in the UK, spanning roughly 1066 to 1500, was marked by conquest, rebellion,...
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The medieval period in the UK, spanning roughly 1066 to 1500, was marked by conquest, rebellion, feudalism, and architectural innovation. Following the Norman Conquest, stone castles sprang up across England, Wales, and Scotland, not just as military strongholds, but as symbols...
TheCollector
Aeneas’s Family: Parents, Children, and Legacy In Greek and Roman legend, Aeneas was a prince of Troy who survived the fall of the city. After the...
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In Greek and Roman legend, Aeneas was a prince of Troy who survived the fall of the city. After the Trojan War, he was said to have traveled to Italy carrying his father on his back. He then married, and his descendants went on to found the city of Rome. What do we know about his...
TheCollector
3 Key Battles of the Third Crusade There have been countless “Crusades” over the centuries. In today’s world, the word crusade has been...
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There have been countless “Crusades” over the centuries. In today’s world, the word crusade has been used several times by extremist groups who wish to profit from the emotion and extreme connections to that word. Read on to learn more about the battles of one particular crusade...
TheCollector
Everything You Need to Know About Orthodox Christian Art Orthodox Christian art has almost nothing in common with its Catholic and Protestant counterparts...
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Orthodox Christian art has almost nothing in common with its Catholic and Protestant counterparts despite the shared foundation found in the Holy Scripture. It was initially based on the Byzantine tradition of painting and mosaic-making. Highly stylized, dark, and strict toward...
TheCollector
What Are Athena’s Symbols? (Owl, Olive Tree, Gorgoneion) Athena, a goddess of wisdom and warfare and the patron goddess of Athens, was one of the most...
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Athena, a goddess of wisdom and warfare and the patron goddess of Athens, was one of the most popular deities in the Greek pantheon. The Olympian goddess was frequently represented and associated with symbols drawn from her complex mythology. From the wise little owl to the...
TheCollector
Camus’ “Jonas or the Artist at Work”: Analysis & Ending Explained Camus wrote the short stories included in the collection “Exile and the Kingdom” at a time of...
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Camus wrote the short stories included in the collection “Exile and the Kingdom” at a time of extreme turmoil in his life. Recently shunned by the Parisian literary community, Camus suffered a crisis of confidence in both himself as a writer and as a man. What came of this period...
TheCollector
When Did the Mongols Launch Their Invasions of Japan? By the 1260s, the Mongols controlled most of China, except for the Song Dynasty in southern China....
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By the 1260s, the Mongols controlled most of China, except for the Song Dynasty in southern China. Korea (Goryeo) remained independent but as a vassal state. Now Kublai Khan looked to Imperial Japan which lay not far. Kublai sent six diplomatic missions between 1268 and 1273,...
TheCollector
8 Cambodian Temples that Aren’t Angkor Wat The Hindu-Buddhist Khmer Empire stretched across what is now known as Cambodia, and you can see...
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The Hindu-Buddhist Khmer Empire stretched across what is now known as Cambodia, and you can see numerous relics from this incredible empire today. The most popular and famous is Angkor Wat, but when you visit Siem Reap and beyond, you’ll find fantastic ruins that rival anything...
TheCollector
How Belisarius Recaptured (and Defended) Rome From the Goths Belisarius was a renowned military commander with impressive battlefield achievements. Hampered by...
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Belisarius was a renowned military commander with impressive battlefield achievements. Hampered by limited resources in both men and money, he spearheaded Emperor Justinian’s attempt to reconquer the key territories of the former Western Roman Empire: Africa, Hispania, Italy, and...
TheCollector
How the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) Ended the Tokugawa Shogunate After Commodore Matthew Perry visited Japan and cajoled the Tokugawa Shogunate to establish...
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After Commodore Matthew Perry visited Japan and cajoled the Tokugawa Shogunate to establish commercial and diplomatic relations, Japanese society was riven by divisions between modernizers and traditionalists. The modernizers eventually triumphed in the Meiji Restoration of 1868,...
TheCollector
The Roman Myth of Aeneas, Lavinia, and the King Who Started It All The figure of Aeneas of Troy first appears in the Homeric epics of Greek mythology, but he emerges...
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The figure of Aeneas of Troy first appears in the Homeric epics of Greek mythology, but he emerges as a central figure in Roman mythology, described most thoroughly in Virgil’s Aeneid. In Roman legends, Aeneas is involved in the founding of Rome. He is said to have become a king...
TheCollector
Son of a Witch! Greg Houle on the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Few historical events fascinate modern audiences as much as the Salem witch trials of 1692, which...
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Few historical events fascinate modern audiences as much as the Salem witch trials of 1692, which saw more than 200 people accused and 19 people executed for witchcraft. But what underlying factors allowed the witch trials to happen in 17th century Massachusetts, and can we...
TheCollector
How Hermes Became a God: The Mischievous Tale of the Homeric Hymn Hermes, known by his Roman name Mercury, is one of the most unconventional Olympian gods. As the god...
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Hermes, known by his Roman name Mercury, is one of the most unconventional Olympian gods. As the god of shepherds, thieves, lies, commerce, and boundaries, he embodies a diverse range of human experiences. Considered a close friend to humanity, Hermes is credited with inventing...
TheCollector
Solon: The Athenian Lawmaker Who Shaped Ancient Democracy Solon was considered by Plutarch and many other ancient authors as one of the seven wise men, or...
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Solon was considered by Plutarch and many other ancient authors as one of the seven wise men, or sages, of Greece. He became famous as a statesman but was also a philosopher and poet. He came to power in Athens in the early 6th century BCE when the city was in political and...
TheCollector
What Are the Most Famous Albert Einstein Quotes? ‘Einstein’ is today a byword for genius. His groundbreaking work in theoretical physics constitutes...
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‘Einstein’ is today a byword for genius. His groundbreaking work in theoretical physics constitutes the foundations of modern science. He was also a deeply moral thinker, a philosopher, a political activist, and pacifist. Albert Einstein is revered as one of the greatest...
TheCollector
The History & Beliefs of Anglicanism Henry VIII wanted an heir. Catherine of Aragon could not provide him with an heir, so he wanted the...
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Henry VIII wanted an heir. Catherine of Aragon could not provide him with an heir, so he wanted the marriage annulled since divorce was not an option. When the pope refused, most likely due to potential political repercussions, Henry VIII decided to reject the authority of the...
TheCollector
Shadow Work 101, Applying Jung’s Teachings (With Philosophical Examples) Have you ever become irritated with a chatty person and then realized that you’re just as chatty...
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Have you ever become irritated with a chatty person and then realized that you’re just as chatty yourself? That awareness can represent a glimpse of your “shadow.” In Carl Jung’s theory of analytic psychology, shadow refers to parts, memories, and longings that have been pushed...
TheCollector
What Does the Domesday Book Tell Us About the Norman Conquest? The Anglo-Saxon aristocracy, many of whom had fought and died with King Harold Godwinson at Senlac...
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The Anglo-Saxon aristocracy, many of whom had fought and died with King Harold Godwinson at Senlac Hill, were systematically shorn of their landed wealth after 1066. In their place stood the Norman aristocrats whose superior skill at arms had granted them victory on that fateful...
TheCollector
Guide to the History & Beliefs of Roman Catholicism The Roman Catholic Church traces its origin to the apostles and specifically to Peter. They are by...
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The Roman Catholic Church traces its origin to the apostles and specifically to Peter. They are by far the largest denomination of Christianity with more than 1.2 billion Roman Catholic believers worldwide. The Church played a significant role in history and had a marked...
TheCollector
9 Works by Donatello You Should Know Donatello, born Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, was one of the most outstanding sculptors of the...
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Donatello, born Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, was one of the most outstanding sculptors of the Italian Renaissance. He was the frontrunner in reviving the art of Antiquity, and he was interested in Roman art and archaeology long before his contemporaries. Read on to learn...
TheCollector
Why Nietzsche Considered Himself Ahead of His Time Untimely Meditations is one of the least read of Nietzsche’s works. In this article, we look at why...
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Untimely Meditations is one of the least read of Nietzsche’s works. In this article, we look at why more attention ought to be paid to the essays in this collection, but also why Nietzsche considered them to be “untimely.”   What Are the Untimely Meditations?   Nietzsche’s...
TheCollector
How Tall Was Genghis Khan? Debunking the Myths The man history knows as Genghis Khan was called initially Temujin. Born near Lake Baikal, Mongolia,...
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The man history knows as Genghis Khan was called initially Temujin. Born near Lake Baikal, Mongolia, around 1162, Temujin faced a difficult childhood. Yet he possessed cunning and determination, rising to power through alliances, military victories, and uniting the Mongol clans....
TheCollector
10 Must-Visit Museums in Texas Texas preserves its past in ways that reflect the scale and complexity of the state itself. From the...
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Texas preserves its past in ways that reflect the scale and complexity of the state itself. From the borderlands to the Gulf, and from the Hill Country to the Panhandle, its history includes Indigenous nations, Spanish colonization, independence from Mexico, statehood, war,...
TheCollector
The Origins of Agriculture: How We Domesticated Crops and Livestock For much of our history, humans have sustained themselves through hunting and gathering wild plants...
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For much of our history, humans have sustained themselves through hunting and gathering wild plants and animals. However, our trajectory changed around 12,000 years ago when agriculture emerged as humans began to domesticate livestock and crops, permanently altering our...
TheCollector
The Emperor Majorian’s Heroic Attempt to Save the Crumbling Roman Empire As the Roman Empire fell into serious decline in the 5th century, there were several attempts to...
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As the Roman Empire fell into serious decline in the 5th century, there were several attempts to restore Roman power amid the invasion of outside groups and social problems. The Emperor Majorian came close to reconnecting the Roman Empire in the middle of the 5th century, coming...
TheCollector
How Cyrus the Great Founded the Persian Empire & Conquered Lydia Cyrus the Great (590-529 BCE) was known as an innovative warrior and a benevolent king. He expanded...
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Cyrus the Great (590-529 BCE) was known as an innovative warrior and a benevolent king. He expanded the Achaemenid Dynasty to reach from the Mediterranean coasts to Himalayan hills. He encouraged the diverse people of his empire to practice their religions, continue cultural...
TheCollector
Mary Cassatt at Work: Interview with Curator Alejandra Rojas Silva TheCollector recently had the privilege of interviewing Dr. Alejandra Rojas Silva, Curator of...
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TheCollector recently had the privilege of interviewing Dr. Alejandra Rojas Silva, Curator of European and American Art at the Honolulu Museum of Art (HoMA) in Honolulu, Hawai’i. She took us behind the scenes of Mary Cassatt at Work, which opens at HoMA on June 21. The...
TheCollector
What Did the Romans Think of Alexander the Great? Why was Alexander the Great seen by the Romans as the greatest military leader of the ancient world?...
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Why was Alexander the Great seen by the Romans as the greatest military leader of the ancient world? This question would endlessly fascinate and drive Roman commanders to envy his innovative military strategies since he was the standard for battlefield excellence. The Martial...
TheCollector
Has Odysseus’ Palace on Ithaca Been Discovered? In Homer’s Odyssey, composed in the 7th century BCE, Odysseus is a king. As such, he obviously has a...
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In Homer’s Odyssey, composed in the 7th century BCE, Odysseus is a king. As such, he obviously has a palace of sorts on Ithaca, his home island. Ithaca was a real place, as were most of the places described by Homer. However, does this mean that Homer was describing a real place...
TheCollector
What Is the Most Widely Spoken Language in Africa? Africa is the second-largest continent after Asia and is home to 1.5 billion people. It is a dynamic...
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Africa is the second-largest continent after Asia and is home to 1.5 billion people. It is a dynamic place with ever-changing demographics, as people and nations shift their paths in the pursuit of survival and success. Central to the workings of this whirlwind of human activity...
TheCollector
From Gladiators to Football: The Evolution of Spectator Sports Humans have always loved sports—tests of skill, strength, endurance, and mettle—even before history...
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Humans have always loved sports—tests of skill, strength, endurance, and mettle—even before history was recorded. Sports could have a number of purposes: preparing for war, religious or ceremonial significance, a form of self-discipline, or simply something to pass the time....
TheCollector
An Overview of Russian Dynasties: From the Rurikids to the Romanovs The Rurik and Romanov dynasties of Russia have shaped modern-day Russia’s land and people. From the...
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The Rurik and Romanov dynasties of Russia have shaped modern-day Russia’s land and people. From the first dynasty, which began around the 780s, to 1917, when the Romanov dynasty fell to the Bolshevik Revolution, tsars and emperors ruled. With more than 1,000 years of rule between...
TheCollector
Julia Domna, Syrian Empress of Ancient Rome (Wife of Septimius Severus) Julia Domna can stake a claim to being one of the most influential women of the Roman Empire. Aside...
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Julia Domna can stake a claim to being one of the most influential women of the Roman Empire. Aside from perhaps the indomitable Livia or the calculating Agrippina the Younger, there were few women who were so important in Rome’s history. Domna’s ideological importance—as...
TheCollector
Rare Roman Mosaics with Dolphin Artwork Found in Austria Excavations near the ancient Roman city of Ovilava in Austria have revealed a highly decorated villa...
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Excavations near the ancient Roman city of Ovilava in Austria have revealed a highly decorated villa complex. Among these decorations are three Roman mosaic floors—one of which bears an uncommon aquatic motif.   The discovery, announced by a joint team from OÖ Landes-Kultur GmbH...
TheCollector
What Are the Origins of the Trojan War? Myths & Archaeology While Helen may have had the face that launched a thousand ships, the origins of the Trojan War are...
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While Helen may have had the face that launched a thousand ships, the origins of the Trojan War are much more complex than an ill-thought-out love affair in the surviving sources for the mythological Greek battle. While it is still unclear whether the Trojan War was a real...
TheCollector
How to Read Eastern Orthodox Icons: A Guide to Their Symbolism & Style The tradition of icon painting began to develop simultaneously with the development of Christianity....
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The tradition of icon painting began to develop simultaneously with the development of Christianity. In the modern era, avant-garde artists who searched for new expressive methods directed their attention to Eastern Orthodox icon painting. This tradition developed in a direction...
TheCollector
Edward Said’s Orientalism: Reductive or Revolutionary? When Edward Said published his book Orientalism in 1978, his insights shattered previous notions of...
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When Edward Said published his book Orientalism in 1978, his insights shattered previous notions of East-West relations and caused late twentieth-century thinkers to reexamine the motivations and messaging behind everything from popular literature and art to advertisements and...
TheCollector
How Did Queen Victoria’s Childhood Impact Her Reign? Queen Victoria is as well known for leading the second longest reign in England, as she is for her...
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Queen Victoria is as well known for leading the second longest reign in England, as she is for her iron will. Her childhood, however, was a lonely one of solitude, dominated by her mother, the Duchess of Kent, and Sir John Conroy who wished to “help” Victoria, while also securing...
TheCollector
The Nine Years’ War: The End of Gaelic Ireland Ireland had been under nominal English control since the 1100s but across much of the island local...
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Ireland had been under nominal English control since the 1100s but across much of the island local Gaelic lords continued to enjoy great autonomy, similar to the highlands of Scotland. The English Crown’s efforts to extend its political control over the island during the 16th...
TheCollector
5 Women in Political Philosophy You Should Know Being deprived of political rights for most of world history, women tried to contribute to political...
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Being deprived of political rights for most of world history, women tried to contribute to political theory and philosophy as soon as they could find themselves pen, paper, and free time from making the world spin around. Furthermore, institutional political philosophy often...
TheCollector
Charlie Chaplin: Hollywood’s Original Superstar Whenever we hear the name Charlie Chaplin, our minds likely jump to an amusing, cane-wielding man...
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Whenever we hear the name Charlie Chaplin, our minds likely jump to an amusing, cane-wielding man with a hat and a mustache. This is understandable, for this character—the Tramp—is the most recognizable figure from Chaplin’s career.   However, when one digs deeper into Chaplin’s...
TheCollector
5 Now-Illegal Remedies That Used to Be Medicinal Medical advancements are constantly changing and improving the state of human health. As doctors...
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Medical advancements are constantly changing and improving the state of human health. As doctors learn more about the human body, they improve standards of care. But did you know that once upon a time, many drugs that are now considered addictive and illegal were everyday medical...
TheCollector
Get to Know John Singer Sargent Through 10 Edwardian Portraits Renowned for his portrait paintings, John Singer Sargent was one of the most remarkable artists of...
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Renowned for his portrait paintings, John Singer Sargent was one of the most remarkable artists of the Edwardian era. He combined influences and left careful references, including those to the works of Bruegel, Velazquez, and van Dyck. He also loved a good provocation, sometimes...
TheCollector
What Role Did the Métis Play in the Depletion of Bison Herds? In the 19th century, the Métis hunted bison for food and economic purposes. The Métis emerged as a...
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In the 19th century, the Métis hunted bison for food and economic purposes. The Métis emerged as a distinct group, with their own culture, language, and political leaders between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, through the intermarriage of...
TheCollector
Why Were African American Drivers Essential to the Red Ball Express? In mid-1944, the Western Allied advance stalled due to acute supply problems. Thus, they created the...
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In mid-1944, the Western Allied advance stalled due to acute supply problems. Thus, they created the Red Ball Express, a truck convoy system utilizing thousands of stalwart drivers. And 75% of these drivers were African American.   How Did the Supply Problem Happen?   The Allied...
TheCollector
A Detailed History of New Zealand’s Colonial Period From their first encounters with Europeans in 1642 to the Musket Wars in the first half of the 19th...
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From their first encounters with Europeans in 1642 to the Musket Wars in the first half of the 19th century, the Māori, the Indigenous people of New Zealand, actively resisted British rule, both peacefully and violently. Led by their chiefs, Māori tribes from both the North and...
TheCollector
How Marcus Aurelius Influenced Famous American Military Leaders When the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius wrote down his personal memoirs while on a campaign against...
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When the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius wrote down his personal memoirs while on a campaign against barbarian tribes in Germany, he could not have fathomed how practicing his Stoicism would help determine the outcome of battles across the globe far into the future. From Ulysses S....
TheCollector
3 Events That Shaped 20th Century America The 20th century got on to a rocky start with a slew of wars and revolutions of varying scales. From...
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The 20th century got on to a rocky start with a slew of wars and revolutions of varying scales. From the Russo-Japanese War to World War I, peace seemed elusive. Mankind would then outdo itself with World War II in 1939, less than 25 years after World War I. Later, Cold War...
TheCollector
6 Women Artists Overshadowed by Their Husbands Art history has put aside women artists for a long period of time. Art was a predominantly...
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Art history has put aside women artists for a long period of time. Art was a predominantly male-oriented field, so women were often overlooked. The situation was even more complicated when it came to couples who shared the same profession. Those women were only known as wives of...
TheCollector
The 5 Most Unique Aircraft of World War II The tumult and competition of World War II ignited innovation in military technology at an...
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The tumult and competition of World War II ignited innovation in military technology at an unprecedented pace. The development of new technologies and doctrines spurred innovation as the combatants battled for technical supremacy on and off the battlefield. The field of aviation...
TheCollector
Bandung Conference: Decolonization and the Rise of the Third World The Bandung Conference, attended by 29 Asian and African countries, was held in April 1955 in the...
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The Bandung Conference, attended by 29 Asian and African countries, was held in April 1955 in the Indonesian city of Bandung. The participants of the conference condemned colonialism, racial discrimination, and segregation, expressed support for people fighting for independence,...
TheCollector
What Is the History of Belief Bias in Cognitive Psychology? Belief bias is a cognitive bias that makes us assess knowledge claims based on how believable they...
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Belief bias is a cognitive bias that makes us assess knowledge claims based on how believable they sound, rather than how logical they are. As a result, we may accept believable yet logically invalid claims, and reject unbelievable yet logically valid ones. As one of the earliest...
TheCollector
The History of Split: From Diocletian’s Palace to Party Town The modern visitor to the Croatian coastal city of Split marvels at the towering walls of Emperor...
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The modern visitor to the Croatian coastal city of Split marvels at the towering walls of Emperor Diocletian’s Palace, which were later woven into the fabric of the medieval old town. Located on the Dalmatian coast, the history of Split consists of periods under Byzantine,...
TheCollector
Do Apes Ponder an Afterlife? A Philosophical View The Great Apes are humanity’s closest relatives. They look like us, walk like us, raise children...
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The Great Apes are humanity’s closest relatives. They look like us, walk like us, raise children like us, and can use tools like us. But do they think like us too? A major difference between apes (e.g., gorillas, orangutans and chimpanzees) and humans is the use of language....
TheCollector
The Mystery of Hitler’s Right-Hand Man: What Really Happened to Rudolf Hess? A top official in the Third Reich, Rudolf Hess started out as one of Adolf Hitler’s most trusted...
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A top official in the Third Reich, Rudolf Hess started out as one of Adolf Hitler’s most trusted right-hand men. However, as the Nazi party embedded itself across Germany, then Europe, pushing towards World War II, Hess made decisions that resulted in his ousting, with no friends...
TheCollector
5 Ways White Russian Émigrés Influenced French Culture After the Russian Empire’s collapse, the USSR hemorrhaged aristocrats, artists, and intellectuals....
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After the Russian Empire’s collapse, the USSR hemorrhaged aristocrats, artists, and intellectuals. The first refugee wave came during the Russian Civil War. These exiles became known as “White émigrés” due to their association with the White armies that fought the Red Army. As...
TheCollector
Over 100 Hidden Ancient Structures Uncovered in Peru Researchers uncovered over 100 previously unknown buildings at Gran Pajatén, a hilltop...
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Researchers uncovered over 100 previously unknown buildings at Gran Pajatén, a hilltop archaeological site in northern Peru. The findings promise to shed new light on the mysterious Chachapoya civilization, an ancient Andean culture that was lost to Incan and Spanish conquest.  ...
TheCollector
What Is the Relationship Between the Old and New Testaments? For many years, Bible versions that contain only the New Testament and Psalms have been available on...
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For many years, Bible versions that contain only the New Testament and Psalms have been available on the market. Understanding what the Bible is all about would be impossible if readers only have access to this limited version of it. The relationship between the Old and New...
TheCollector
The Top 10 Open-Air Museums in the World From the ceilings of Renaissance churches to the white cube, the spaces where art is exhibited have...
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From the ceilings of Renaissance churches to the white cube, the spaces where art is exhibited have changed and evolved alongside the artworks they hold inside. Outdoor art sites have developed a devoted crowd in public and artists, connecting art and nature and allowing greater...
TheCollector
Old World vs. New World: Time to Abolish These Outdated Concepts? “New World” and “Old World” are concepts still widely used to refer to the Western and Eastern...
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“New World” and “Old World” are concepts still widely used to refer to the Western and Eastern Hemispheres, respectively, first adopted in European society after Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492. Sixteenth-century European cartographers consolidated the terms,...
TheCollector
How Did the Industrial Revolution Take Place in Non-Western Countries? The Industrial Revolution refers to past changes from agrarian and manual labor systems of...
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The Industrial Revolution refers to past changes from agrarian and manual labor systems of production to mechanization. Britain was the first nation in the world to experience the transformation which started in the 18th century. The trend then spread to other nations around the...
TheCollector
10 Must-See Historic Sites in Spain Spain’s past is layered with conquest, coexistence, and creativity. From the ancient Iberians and...
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Spain’s past is layered with conquest, coexistence, and creativity. From the ancient Iberians and Roman rule to Islamic dynasties and the Catholic Monarchs, each era left behind enduring landmarks that speak to shifting powers and cultural fusion. Visitors today don’t just come...
TheCollector
Giuseppe Verdi: The Bard of the Risorgimento (Bio & Facts) On January 30, 1901, as a hearse drove the coffin of Giuseppe Verdi to the cemetery in Milan, a huge...
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On January 30, 1901, as a hearse drove the coffin of Giuseppe Verdi to the cemetery in Milan, a huge crowd gathered to honor the greatest 19th-century Italian composer. As the small funeral procession advanced through the city, the people waiting along the route began to sing the...
TheCollector
Does Life Have Meaning? Acte Gratuit & Free Will Does life have meaning? Brought into the vast and guideless world with a brain bent on...
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Does life have meaning? Brought into the vast and guideless world with a brain bent on understanding, we struggle with randomness and even despise it. Yet the meaninglessness appears repeatedly in art—a desperate attempt to understand, perhaps? In this whirlwind of...
TheCollector
The Year of the Six Emperors (238 CE): A Complete Guide Herodian’s History of the Roman Empire starts with the observation that “in a period of 60 years,...
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Herodian’s History of the Roman Empire starts with the observation that “in a period of 60 years, the Roman imperial power was held by more emperors than would seem possible in so short a time…” This is a preface to his history of Rome, from the death of the last “good emperor,”...
TheCollector
New Banksy Mural Confirmed in South of France Yesterday, after a six-month hiatus, Banksy’s official Instagram account unveiled a new public...
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Yesterday, after a six-month hiatus, Banksy’s official Instagram account unveiled a new public mural: a small lighthouse on a beige building facade. The mystery of the mural’s location has since been solved. Its intended meaning, however, is still up for debate.   Banksy Unveils...
TheCollector
3 Fun Facts About the Iconic Ciniselli Circus Like most Victorian-era circuses, the Ciniselli Circus represented a space where rich and poor could...
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Like most Victorian-era circuses, the Ciniselli Circus represented a space where rich and poor could enjoy a good show. In Imperial Russia, aristocrats gazed from balconies while the working class crowded the stalls below. While historic circuses remain problematic due to race,...
TheCollector
The Untold Story of Selene, Greek Goddess of the Moon While traveling the Greek world in the 2nd century CE, the geographer Pausanias visited the statue...
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While traveling the Greek world in the 2nd century CE, the geographer Pausanias visited the statue of Zeus at Olympia. The ancient geographer noted a curious detail about the statue’s pedestal. At the end of the carved relief depicting various deities was a goddess driving a...
TheCollector
Sweden’s Ugliest City? Music & Art in Borlänge Whenever I say I live in this magical little city, I get asked by Swedish locals, Borlänge?? You...
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Whenever I say I live in this magical little city, I get asked by Swedish locals, Borlänge?? You live in Borlänge?? Why??. This is a city with a nationally recognized bad reputation. I guess I can understand why; it has the proud title of “The Ugliest City in Sweden,” and it is...
TheCollector
Did Einstein Believe in God? His “Cosmic Religion” Explained For Einstein, God was not a divine being in the traditional religious sense, but a metaphor for the...
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For Einstein, God was not a divine being in the traditional religious sense, but a metaphor for the elegant, harmonious, ultimately knowable order of the cosmos. He believed that the universe functioned according to precise, universal laws – and that understanding these laws was...
TheCollector
10 Historic Sites in Miami You Should Visit Florida’s history stretches from early Spanish colonization and the Seminole Wars to its role in the...
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Florida’s history stretches from early Spanish colonization and the Seminole Wars to its role in the Civil War and the Cuban exile era. But no city within the state reflects this layered past quite like Miami. Founded in 1896, Miami quickly grew from a swampy frontier town into a...
TheCollector
The Ugly Duchess: A Joke Between Quentin Matsys & Leonardo da Vinci? The Ugly Duchess by Quentin Matsys is an influential painting that has many theories surrounding its...
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The Ugly Duchess by Quentin Matsys is an influential painting that has many theories surrounding its intention and meaning. The painting is a grotesque—an ancient Greek and Roman art style that was revived during the Renaissance, especially in Italy, as artists began to look back...
TheCollector
Washington DC Street Named ‘Alma Thomas Way’ After Artist Alma Thomas (1891-1978) was a longtime educator and a prolific abstract painter who spent most of...
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Alma Thomas (1891-1978) was a longtime educator and a prolific abstract painter who spent most of her career in Washington, DC. Now, to honor her local legacy, the street on which she lived and worked for seven decades has been renamed Alma Thomas Way.   The Hometown Legacy of...
TheCollector
10 Famous Japanese Artists Who Achieved Greatness From fascinating woodblock prints and beautiful landscape paintings to eye-catching sculptures,...
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From fascinating woodblock prints and beautiful landscape paintings to eye-catching sculptures, Japanese artists have created monumental pieces that have transformed the world of art. These famous artists have channeled their creativity, culture, and environment to create some of...
TheCollector
Neanderthals May Have Made Art, New Research Suggests Centering on one “peculiar pebble,” a new research paper offers evidence that Neanderthals were...
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Centering on one “peculiar pebble,” a new research paper offers evidence that Neanderthals were actually capable of creating art. Excavated from a rock shelter in Segovia, the pebble challenges the assumption that art did not emerge until later, after more modern humans evolved....
TheCollector
How Many Māori Iwi (Tribes) Are There in Aotearoa/New Zealand? In New Zealand’s North and South Islands, each Māori tribe (iwi) has its own history, founding...
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In New Zealand’s North and South Islands, each Māori tribe (iwi) has its own history, founding ancestor or ancestress, tribal territory (rohe), and governance structure, often based around a tribal council known as rūnanga.   The role of Māori tribes has evolved considerably in...
TheCollector
The 10 Greatest Military Leaders of the High Medieval Period While the High Medieval Period is famous for its warrior and martial cultures, there are some...
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While the High Medieval Period is famous for its warrior and martial cultures, there are some military leaders who really stand out above the rest. These are the men known not merely as great fighters, but as generals whose successes are studied even to this day. The ten figures...
TheCollector
Komnenian Restoration: The Byzantine Empire Under the Komnenos Dynasty The Komnenos Dynasty came from obscure origins to revive the Byzantine Empire after a disastrous...
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The Komnenos Dynasty came from obscure origins to revive the Byzantine Empire after a disastrous period of weak emperors and military setbacks. Alexios Komnenos took power in 1081 CE and began an astonishing reversal of the empire’s dire fortunes, continued by his descendants...
TheCollector
The Dogs of War: Genghis Khan’s 4 Legendary Generals During Genghis Khan’s rise to power and subsequent conquests, he gathered many men to his side who...
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During Genghis Khan’s rise to power and subsequent conquests, he gathered many men to his side who became his trusted confidants and most able commanders. Four of them came to be known as his notorious “Four Dogs of War.” In this article, we shall explore the extraordinary...
TheCollector
What Is the Philosophy of Film? Ancient Greek philosophers were among the first thinkers to introduce art to philosophy. Plato, in...
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4 weeks ago
Ancient Greek philosophers were among the first thinkers to introduce art to philosophy. Plato, in his famous Socratic dialogues, talked extensively about painting, sculpture, and poetry. In Poetics, Aristotle delved into the art of tragedy, comedy, and epic poetry. Although...
TheCollector
Armenia or Georgia? Which Country Was the First Wine Producer? Any trip through Armenia and Georgia will offer you many opportunities to sample delicious wines...
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Any trip through Armenia and Georgia will offer you many opportunities to sample delicious wines from the various vineyards and some questionable wines from home-brewing cellars. But while taking a tour, it is interesting to discover a little more about the history of wine...
TheCollector
How Did the Gnostics View Jesus Christ? Jesus Christ is one of the most important religious figures in history. During his life, he was a...
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Jesus Christ is one of the most important religious figures in history. During his life, he was a revolutionary, sage, teacher, and purported miracle worker. In death, he has been revered and studied through a myriad of different lenses. Many religions incorporate Jesus and his...
TheCollector
Motherhood Through the Ages: Depictions of Breastfeeding in Art Breastfeeding has been depicted in art throughout the centuries, forming a visual representation of...
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Breastfeeding has been depicted in art throughout the centuries, forming a visual representation of women’s lived experiences concerning religion and societal expectations. Ancient civilizations focused on motherhood through the symbolic use of religious figures, such as Isis in...
TheCollector
The History of Faro, Portugal: A Guide for Visitors Explore Faro Old Town “Vila Adentro” to unravel the remains of the Phoenician, Roman, and Moorish...
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Explore Faro Old Town “Vila Adentro” to unravel the remains of the Phoenician, Roman, and Moorish occupations. The stunning historical landmarks, narrow cobbled streets, and impressive plazas will make you travel back in time. As you wander around the city, you will be impressed...
TheCollector
Is There a Historical Basis for King Arthur’s European Campaign? In the legends of King Arthur, the leader of the Britons is most famous for fighting against the...
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In the legends of King Arthur, the leader of the Britons is most famous for fighting against the Saxons during their conquest of Britain. Most scholars acknowledge that this may have a factual basis. However, at least as early as the 12th century, King Arthur is also presented as...
TheCollector
What Happened to Mary, the Mother of Jesus? Lauded in the world’s two largest religions as the mother of God’s Chosen One—for Muslims a great...
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Lauded in the world’s two largest religions as the mother of God’s Chosen One—for Muslims a great prophet and for Christians God incarnate— Mary of Nazareth is almost without contest the most famous woman who ever lived. Yet, very little was recorded and preserved about her life...
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Moebius: The Artist Who Pushed the Boundaries of Our Imagination Jean Giraud, known by his artistic pseudonym Moebius, was a French artist who revolutionized...
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Jean Giraud, known by his artistic pseudonym Moebius, was a French artist who revolutionized European comic books between the 1970s and the early 1980s. His works elevated the visual imagination of science fiction to new heights while also popularizing new subgenres in Europe...
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King Charles I: England’s Worst Monarch? Everyone knows that King Charles I was the least successful of England’s many Kings and Queens. The...
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Everyone knows that King Charles I was the least successful of England’s many Kings and Queens. The idea is traditional, well-argued, and practically undisputed. The view that Charles’s rule was a complete failure, from start to finish, is shared by many notable modern...
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Three Ancient Egyptian Tombs Unearthed in Luxor Three more tombs have been discovered at an ancient Egyptian burial complex in Luxor. The excavation...
a month ago
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Three more tombs have been discovered at an ancient Egyptian burial complex in Luxor. The excavation site, located near the famed Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings, has revealed hieroglyphs and artifacts that point to three senior statesmen from the New Kingdom period.  ...
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Chasquis: The Famed Inca Couriers Who Could Run 1,250 Miles in a Week From the seat of government in Cusco, the Inca managed a vast territory stretching over 770,000...
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From the seat of government in Cusco, the Inca managed a vast territory stretching over 770,000 square miles. Controlling this expanse of territory and the 12 million inhabitants within demanded consistent communication, yet South America boasted no horses for rapid transit and a...
TheCollector
7 Pharaohs From 18th Dynasty Egypt: Rulers of New Kingdom Egypt’s 18th dynasty rose to the start of the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1077 BCE) and was the zenith of...
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Egypt’s 18th dynasty rose to the start of the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1077 BCE) and was the zenith of Egyptian international power. Many of ancient Egypt’s most notable characters appear during this period, such as Hatshepsut, the female pharaoh, Thutmose III, the empire builder,...
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15 Essential Art Terms You Should Know Navigating the art world can be tricky. Over centuries of existence, art theory and criticism have...
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Navigating the art world can be tricky. Over centuries of existence, art theory and criticism have amassed thousands of specific terms related to artworks, their makers, and the characteristics of both. Do you know what provenance, perspective, or proportion mean when we are...
TheCollector
Sintra, Portugal: 6 Must-See Sites & History Although its history dates back to the Neolithic, the Roman Empire, and Moorish rule, it was...
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Although its history dates back to the Neolithic, the Roman Empire, and Moorish rule, it was Portuguese Royalty who made it famous. Sintra’s romantic palaces and mystical aura have served as an inspiration to poets and artists throughout the years. In Sintra, you can wander the...
TheCollector
Mussolini’s Gamble: How Italy’s Weakness Led to WWII Failure By 1940, Mussolini’s Fascists had governed for almost two decades. Mussolini and Hitler’s close...
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By 1940, Mussolini’s Fascists had governed for almost two decades. Mussolini and Hitler’s close bonds only tightened once the Tripartite Pact got signed on September 27, 1940. They had much in common – a belief in their own ability, political ambition, and zero tolerance for...
TheCollector
Why Taiwan Is a Hidden Gem for Art Lovers Taiwan’s art scene is often overshadowed by the Asian hubs of Singapore and Hong Kong in Asia....
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Taiwan’s art scene is often overshadowed by the Asian hubs of Singapore and Hong Kong in Asia. Despite this, it has much to offer. With an art history grounded in indigenous practice and traditional Chinese art forms, the art that emerges from it is unique and a powerful...
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An In-Depth Guide to Medieval York: History & Major Monuments York is one of England’s most famous medieval cities, with its cobbled streets and wobbly buildings....
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a month ago
York is one of England’s most famous medieval cities, with its cobbled streets and wobbly buildings. Originally a small Celtic settlement before the Romans left their 400-year-long mark, by the Anglo-Saxon Period, York was a thriving medieval city. Today, visitors to the city can...
TheCollector
Trove of 100 Napoleon Artifacts Heads to Auction A vast and varied collection of artifacts—all related to the life and legacy of Napoleon...
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A vast and varied collection of artifacts—all related to the life and legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte—is heading to the auction block at Sotheby’s Paris next month. According to Marine de Cenival, head of sales at Sotheby’s Paris, “Few collections have succeeded so well in capturing...
TheCollector
Edward I: England’s Greatest Warrior King? Throughout English history, there have seldom been many kings with the same warrior prowess as King...
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Throughout English history, there have seldom been many kings with the same warrior prowess as King Edward I. Born as the eldest son of King Henry III and his wife Eleanor of Provence in 1239, Edward would go on to rule as king of England from 1272 until his death in 1307. Edward...
TheCollector
The Spanish Armada: Could the “Enterprise of England” Have Succeeded? Over the course of a little more than 20 years, Philip went from pursuing Elizabeth’s hand in...
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Over the course of a little more than 20 years, Philip went from pursuing Elizabeth’s hand in marriage to plotting her downfall. The ultimate manifestation of this plan was the Spanish Armada, whose mission was to link up with Spanish troops in the Netherlands and ferry them...
TheCollector
Who Was Óscar Romero? Latin America’s Most Famous Martyr Bishop of San Salvador, El Salvador’s capital, in 1980, Óscar Romero was shot to death by a member...
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Bishop of San Salvador, El Salvador’s capital, in 1980, Óscar Romero was shot to death by a member of the government’s notorious death squads while delivering mass. In the years since, he was declared a martyr and then canonized by Pope Francis in 2018, becoming Central America’s...
TheCollector
4 Minor Greek Cities That Changed the World Ancient Greece was never a centralized and united country. It was a network of dispersed...
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Ancient Greece was never a centralized and united country. It was a network of dispersed city-states, called polis or poleis in the plural, organized into kingdoms and federations. The most famous of these cities, Athens and Sparta, were merely the biggest players in a complex...
TheCollector
The Father of Existentialism: Who Was Søren Kierkegaard? Known as the father of existentialism, Kierkegaard has planted the seeds that allowed existential...
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a month ago
Known as the father of existentialism, Kierkegaard has planted the seeds that allowed existential philosophy to flourish and influence generations of great thinkers. Coming from a Christian theological background, he was a philosopher, social critic, and poet. Despite leading a...
TheCollector
The Nag Hammadi Library & the Recovery of the Lost Gnostic Tradition Discovered in 1945 near the town of Nag Hammadi in Egypt, the Nag Hammadi Library is a collection of...
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Discovered in 1945 near the town of Nag Hammadi in Egypt, the Nag Hammadi Library is a collection of ancient texts that has profoundly influenced our understanding of early Christianity and Gnostic beliefs. This remarkable find, consisting of 13 codices and over 50 texts, sheds...
TheCollector
Why H.G. Wells’ “The Time Machine” Is a Timely Warning to the World In his first published work of fiction, the British writer and futurist Herbert George Wells...
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In his first published work of fiction, the British writer and futurist Herbert George Wells (1866-1946) shot to literary fame, marking the beginning of a career that would rival his celebrated French predecessor, author Jules Verne. Their popular works would practically corner...
TheCollector
How Did the Aztec and Maya Perceive Time? For Mesoamerican civilizations, time held a special value as it was considered a divine energy and a...
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For Mesoamerican civilizations, time held a special value as it was considered a divine energy and a sacred cycle, a gift from the gods. It served as the central axis of their worldview, guiding daily life, rituals, personal destinies, and the future of society. Calendars were...
TheCollector
Understanding Franz Liszt in 5 Compositions Franz Liszt (1811-1886) was many things: an innovator, an excellent composer, a performer, a...
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Franz Liszt (1811-1886) was many things: an innovator, an excellent composer, a performer, a teacher, and a philanthropist. He was also a pivotal figure in the Romantic Era, shaping the trajectory of the age, and his influence extended beyond his own lifetime. His innovative...
TheCollector
What Is “The Word” in the Bible? In Greek, the “Word” is logos. In the Bible, logos is much more than just a single distinct...
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In Greek, the “Word” is logos. In the Bible, logos is much more than just a single distinct meaningful element of speech or writing. It encapsulates much broader concepts and has much deeper meaning and implications. In a sense, logos is what the Bible is all about. It connects...
TheCollector
Tyr: The Original Norse God of War (Overshadowed by Odin) Tyr was an important Germanic and Norse god of war, similar to the god Mars worshiped by the ancient...
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Tyr was an important Germanic and Norse god of war, similar to the god Mars worshiped by the ancient Romans. But we know very little about Tyr from the Viking Age as he was largely overshadowed by Odin, the principal Norse god of war and chief of the Aesir gods.   The evidence...
TheCollector
What Was the Cultural Impact of the Silk Road? The renowned Silk Road was a network of trade routes that spanned the Asian, North African, and...
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The renowned Silk Road was a network of trade routes that spanned the Asian, North African, and European continents between 130 BCE and 1453 CE. For a long time, the network was considered to be one of the primary nerve-centers of the early global economy. In the era in which it...
TheCollector
10 Must-Visit Historic Towns in Alabama Alabama played a central role in some of the most important chapters of American history, from early...
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Alabama played a central role in some of the most important chapters of American history, from early statehood and frontier settlement to the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement. Montgomery served as the first capital of the Confederacy. Birmingham and Selma became focal...
TheCollector
A History of Rome in 11 Monuments Rome is a city shrouded in myth yet full of potent physical reminders of many historical triumphs...
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Rome is a city shrouded in myth yet full of potent physical reminders of many historical triumphs and tragedies. Walking the city’s streets today, it is easy to miss a trove of artistic and architectural gems from multiple historical eras tucked away down tiny alleys.   The...
TheCollector
What Is Papal Supremacy? (Definition, History, Opposition) According to the Roman Catholic tradition of apostolic succession, Peter was the first pope...
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According to the Roman Catholic tradition of apostolic succession, Peter was the first pope appointed by Christ. The line of leadership, according to this view, has been unbroken and continuous from Peter to the current Pope Leo XIV. Catholic tradition also holds that Christ...
TheCollector
Operation Torch: The Liberation of French North Africa After the Fall of France and the establishment of the Vichy regime in 1940, Allied leaders looked to...
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After the Fall of France and the establishment of the Vichy regime in 1940, Allied leaders looked to target French colonial possessions in North Africa. The 1942 invasion, codenamed Operation Torch, was the first major joint offensive by American and British forces in WWII. The...
TheCollector
Battle of Saipan in WWII: The Other D-Day When American military planners began searching for islands they could use to attack Japan from,...
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When American military planners began searching for islands they could use to attack Japan from, they identified the Marianas island chain as a perfect location. One of these, the island of Saipan, was very well-defended and also contained a Japanese civilian population. The...
TheCollector
Alexander the Great’s Philosophical Encounters: Aristotle to Diogenes Alexander the Great is known for building one of history’s largest empires, stretching from his...
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Alexander the Great is known for building one of history’s largest empires, stretching from his hometown of Macedonia all the way to northwestern regions of India. In his short life Alexander encountered some of the era’s greatest thinkers. Tutored by Aristotle, meeting the...
TheCollector
What Was Black Wall Street? History & Legacy Black Wall Street stood as a testament to African American resilience in a time when equality was...
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Black Wall Street stood as a testament to African American resilience in a time when equality was seen as an impossibility. Located in Tulsa, Oklahoma’s Greenwood District, this segregated community blossomed in the early 20th century. In 1921, a devastating massacre tore through...
TheCollector
When Did the Mongols Launch Their Invasions of Japan? By the 1260s, the Mongols controlled most of China, except for the Song Dynasty in southern China....
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By the 1260s, the Mongols controlled most of China, except for the Song Dynasty in southern China. Korea (Goryeo) remained independent but as a vassal state. Now Kublai Khan looked to Imperial Japan which lay not far. Kublai sent six diplomatic missions between 1268 and 1273,...
TheCollector
9 Historical Sites to Visit in Thailand From the mountains of the north to the beautiful beaches of the south, Thailand is packed with...
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From the mountains of the north to the beautiful beaches of the south, Thailand is packed with stunning places to experience. If you’re a history lover, you’ll find no shortage of palaces, ruins, and ancient cities along the way. Plus, most of these sites are easily accessible...
TheCollector
Rodin’s “The Gates of Hell”: Bringing Dante’s Inferno to Life The famous French sculptor Auguste Rodin spent most of his life working on the monumental structure...
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The famous French sculptor Auguste Rodin spent most of his life working on the monumental structure The Gates of Hell. Initially planned as an entrance door to the Decorative Arts Museum, it eventually gained a life of its own, inspiring Rodin’s most famous free-standing...
TheCollector
The Heartbreaking Story Behind Rodin’s “Kiss” Auguste Rodin’s Kiss is one of the most famous sculptures in art history and a well-known masterwork...
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Auguste Rodin’s Kiss is one of the most famous sculptures in art history and a well-known masterwork of the sculptor. Initially planned as a part of a larger project, it gained a life of its own, appearing in bronze, terracotta, marble, and plaster. Numerous copies of The Kiss...
TheCollector
Rare Roman Goddess Statue Found Near Hadrian’s Wall Ongoing excavations at Vindolanda, an ancient Roman fort just south of Hadrian’s Wall, recently...
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Ongoing excavations at Vindolanda, an ancient Roman fort just south of Hadrian’s Wall, recently revealed a rare find. A relief sculpture depicting Victoria, the Roman goddess of victory, was unearthed by a married couple who are longtime volunteers at the northern England...
TheCollector
10 Surprising Facts About Fashion Rebel Rei Kawakubo Rei Kawakubo is the founder of the Comme des Garçons brand and one of the most famous designers of...
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Rei Kawakubo is the founder of the Comme des Garçons brand and one of the most famous designers of her generation. Kawakubo was one of the first designers to experiment with deconstruction and to question the traditional relationship between body and garment. Read on to learn 10...
TheCollector
What Is Rodin’s “The Thinker” Thinking About? Auguste Rodin’s The Thinker is one of the most famous sculptures in the history of art. Endlessly...
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Auguste Rodin’s The Thinker is one of the most famous sculptures in the history of art. Endlessly reproduced and reinterpreted, it became the universal symbol of human creativity and intellectualism. The Thinker, modeled after both classical sculpture and a real body of Rodin’s...
TheCollector
Circe in The Odyssey: The Enchantress Who Defied a Hero Circe in The Odyssey is one of Greek mythology’s most infamous enchantresses, a woman who blurs the...
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Circe in The Odyssey is one of Greek mythology’s most infamous enchantresses, a woman who blurs the line between gods, their minor counterparts, and the intimidation factor of mortal wielders of witchcraft. The daughter of Helios, god of the sun, and the ocean nymph Perse, she...
TheCollector
Artemis and Her Sacred Animals: The Goddess’s Mythological Pets Artemis didn’t just have an affinity for animals—she was the huntress who held dominion when it came...
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Artemis didn’t just have an affinity for animals—she was the huntress who held dominion when it came to wildlife, including both prey animals and predators. Goddess of the hunt, queen of the wilderness, and the administrator of all things untamed, she made no apologies to those...
TheCollector
What Is the Spotlight Effect? Have you ever walked into a room full of people and felt like you’ve just walked upstage? The...
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Have you ever walked into a room full of people and felt like you’ve just walked upstage? The spotlight effect can feel as if you’re delivering a solo performance. While you may not be paying attention to your audience, you’re almost certain they’re watching you, ready to cheer...
TheCollector
10 Must-See Historic Sites in Maine Maine’s history is a rich blend of Indigenous heritage, colonial conflict, maritime industry, and...
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Maine’s history is a rich blend of Indigenous heritage, colonial conflict, maritime industry, and cultural resilience. Once part of Massachusetts, Maine played a pivotal role in early American warfare, from French and Indian battles to Revolutionary outposts like Fort Western and...
TheCollector
The History of Georgia: Between Europe and Asia The country of Georgia is located in the southern Caucasus where Europe meets Asia. The region has...
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The country of Georgia is located in the southern Caucasus where Europe meets Asia. The region has often found itself at the crossroads of empires. After unification in the 11th century CE, the kingdom of Georgia experienced a Golden Age in the 12th century. Mongol invasion and...
TheCollector
5 Bizarre Claims by Famous Dictators That Defy All Logic The history of famous dictators is filled with bizarre claims and personal myths. From Idi Amin and...
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The history of famous dictators is filled with bizarre claims and personal myths. From Idi Amin and Kim Jong Il to Vladimir Putin, Yahya Jammeh, and Papa Doc Duvalier, famous dictators have used the power of propaganda to solidify their power and authority. Some have portrayed...
TheCollector
Homer’s Odyssey Summary: A Rhapsody-by-Rhapsody Breakdown The Greek epic poem The Odyssey is attributed to Homer and is often described as the sequel to The...
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The Greek epic poem The Odyssey is attributed to Homer and is often described as the sequel to The Iliad. The Odyssey picks up after the fall of Troy and follows Odysseus (also Ulysses), the king of Ithaca, who fought on the side of the Greeks, as he journeys home. He is blown...
TheCollector
Did the Black Death Happen During Queen Elizabeth’s Reign? The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, ravaged Europe between 1346 and 1352, decimating...
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The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, ravaged Europe between 1346 and 1352, decimating almost half of the continent’s population. This pestilence, which we now know was carried by fleas, spread like wildfire across Europe in the mid-14th century. However, there were...
TheCollector
What Is Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception? When it comes to understanding the world around us, philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty offers a...
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When it comes to understanding the world around us, philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty offers a unique perspective rooted in phenomenology. His book Phenomenology of Perception challenges ideas that are normally taken for granted about our senses. While other philosophers who...
TheCollector
Lost Artemisia Gentileschi Painting Restored After Beirut Explosion When a series of deadly blasts devastated Beirut in 2020, a previously unknown painting by the most...
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When a series of deadly blasts devastated Beirut in 2020, a previously unknown painting by the most celebrated woman artist of the Italian Baroque era emerged from the wreckage. The painting has since been reattributed to Artemisia Gentileschi and fully restored to its original...
TheCollector
African Americans in Art: A Legacy of Creativity and Resistance For a long period of American history, art created by African Americans was considered irrelevant...
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For a long period of American history, art created by African Americans was considered irrelevant and unworthy of appreciation. Still, even in the conditions of slavery, segregation, and oppression, African American creatives managed to build and preserve artistic tradition. Some...
TheCollector
What Is Niels Bohr’s Principle of Complementarity? Niels Bohr was not only a principal architect of the science of quantum mechanics but also a...
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Niels Bohr was not only a principal architect of the science of quantum mechanics but also a profound philosophical thinker. While classical physics – exemplified by Newtonian mechanics and Einstein’s relativity – rests on the assumption of a deterministic, observer-independent...
TheCollector
Sacred Stones: The Enduring Legacy of Ancient Greek Temples Despite initial impressions, ancient Greek temples were not built to impress 21st-century tourists;...
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Despite initial impressions, ancient Greek temples were not built to impress 21st-century tourists; they were made to house gods. Although the statues are gone and the ceremonies have long since ended, these places still hold a quiet kind of power. It’s not just the scale of the...
TheCollector
Romance in Color: Exploring African American Love in Art Various expressions and forms of love have always been among the most popular artistic topics. Yet,...
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Various expressions and forms of love have always been among the most popular artistic topics. Yet, for a long time, the voices of Black artists were unheard. In white-dominated culture, Black bodies were excluded from the narratives of romantic or parental love. However, during...
TheCollector
Neo-Expressionism: How Emotion Reshaped Contemporary Art Neo-Expressionism as an art movement emerged in the 1970s as a reaction against the dominant trend...
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Neo-Expressionism as an art movement emerged in the 1970s as a reaction against the dominant trend of sterile Minimalist aesthetics. Artists embraced ugliness and imperfections and aimed to “unlearn” the basic artistic principles on which the rest of art history was based....
TheCollector
9 Facts About Sam Gilliam, the Great Abstract Artist Sam Gilliam was a famous American abstract painter known for his suspended canvases, soaked in...
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Sam Gilliam was a famous American abstract painter known for his suspended canvases, soaked in acrylic paint. As a young artist, Gilliam was inspired to experiment with the Abstract Expressionist scene that dominated the art market. However, in his works he went much further,...
TheCollector
Hellenistic Sculpture Workshop Unearthed on Greek Island Archaeologists discovered that a Hellenistic-era sculpture workshop was built atop an older...
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Archaeologists discovered that a Hellenistic-era sculpture workshop was built atop an older residential complex on the Greek island of Paros. The latest excavations at the Floga archaeological site have revealed unfinished sculptures and sculpture fragments made of Parian marble,...
TheCollector
Jean-Michel Basquiat’s Art: A Creative Evolution Cut Short American Neo-Expressionist Jean-Michel Basquiat never studied art professionally but managed to...
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American Neo-Expressionist Jean-Michel Basquiat never studied art professionally but managed to become one of the most famous and influential artists of his age. He began his short career as a homeless street artist and, just a decade later, opened a series of one-man shows...
TheCollector
La Dolce Vita: The Enduring Influence of Italy’s Most Iconic Lifestyle One of the most famous and influential films of postwar Italian cinema is La Dolce Vita (1960) by...
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One of the most famous and influential films of postwar Italian cinema is La Dolce Vita (1960) by the director Federico Fellini (1920–1993). Despite the contrasting interpretations, the expression “dolce vita” continues to evoke the cultural icon of “made in Italy” originated...
TheCollector
Optical Illusion Art: The Science and Creativity Behind the Mind-Bending Visuals As one of the abstract styles developing in the 1960s, Optical illusion (or Op) Art features games...
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As one of the abstract styles developing in the 1960s, Optical illusion (or Op) Art features games of lines and geometric shapes in both black and white—like in the case of Bridget Riley, Jesús Rafael Soto—or exploiting vivid colors—as in the case of Victor Vasarely and Julian...
TheCollector
Nature, Love, and Death: Emily Dickinson’s Timeless Themes Though socially reclusive and known for her introspection and focus on deep spiritual themes, Emily...
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Though socially reclusive and known for her introspection and focus on deep spiritual themes, Emily Dickinson is one of the most well-loved and highly regarded poets of our time. Her bold voice and unique writing style were largely discovered after her death and left with us a...
TheCollector
The Twelve Labors of Heracles: List of Tasks, Meaning, and Facts The story of the twelve labors tells the tale of Heracles’s journey from a sinful pariah to the...
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The story of the twelve labors tells the tale of Heracles’s journey from a sinful pariah to the ancient world’s most revered hero. To atone for a crime he committed while under the curse of his stepmother Hera, Heracles undertook twelve seemingly impossible tasks from his cousin...
TheCollector
Installing Pinochet: How the US Laid the Groundwork for Chile’s 1973 Coup On September 11, 1973, Chile entered a new era. On this day, Augusto Pinochet took power and began a...
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On September 11, 1973, Chile entered a new era. On this day, Augusto Pinochet took power and began a reign that would be characterized by brutal anti-communist sentiment and consolidation of right-wing principles. One of many instances of illegal interference in foreign...
TheCollector
Commodore Matthew Perry: The Man Who Forced Japan to Open Its Doors For 220 years, Japan was isolated from the outside world due to years of internal conflict and fear...
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For 220 years, Japan was isolated from the outside world due to years of internal conflict and fear of colonization by European powers. When Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Edo Bay in 1853, he changed the course of history in the Pacific. The opening of Japan would have...
TheCollector
Art Basel Expands with New Qatar Fair The Middle East’s first major art fair is set to launch next February. Art Basel, which already...
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The Middle East’s first major art fair is set to launch next February. Art Basel, which already operates four major fairs around the world, announced the addition of Art Basel Qatar to its roster this week. The new fair follows a major multinational partnership. It also responds...
TheCollector
Theodore Roosevelt & the Great White Fleet: A Show of American Naval Power From 1907 to 1909, President Theodore Roosevelt sent a fleet including 16 capital ships around the...
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From 1907 to 1909, President Theodore Roosevelt sent a fleet including 16 capital ships around the world as a demonstration of American power. This so-called Great White Fleet voyage helped solidify the United States’ reputation as a prominent naval power at the beginning of the...
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Gunboat Diplomacy: How Military Power Reshaped Global Politics The use of military force to secure political and diplomatic objectives has been commonplace...
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The use of military force to secure political and diplomatic objectives has been commonplace throughout history, but gunboat diplomacy is used to refer to how European countries and the United States used threats of naval force to bully weaker countries into granting them...
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John Smith: Champion of Jamestown or Tall-Tale Weaver? There is no denying that Captain John Smith led an extraordinary life. From humble beginnings on a...
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There is no denying that Captain John Smith led an extraordinary life. From humble beginnings on a farm to life as a soldier and later a founding member of Jamestown’s Virginia Colony, Smith’s existence was rife with adventure and accomplishments. Contemporary accounts, then...
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What Is Max Weber’s Theory of Rationalization? Max Weber’s theory of rationalization describes the transformation of pre-modern societies – steeped...
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Max Weber’s theory of rationalization describes the transformation of pre-modern societies – steeped in traditional, mystical, and religious authority – into modern, bureaucratically organized nation-states. At the heart of his thesis is the idea that increasing rationalization...
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The Artistic Inspiration Behind 10 Iconic Paintings Inspiration is a powerful force that ignites creativity. It is essential for artists striving to...
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Inspiration is a powerful force that ignites creativity. It is essential for artists striving to create masterpieces. Every work of art originates from a unique spark influenced by various sources, such as significant historical events, personal experiences, mythology,...
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10 Masters of Art Nouveau: From Furniture to Architecture & Beyond Art Nouveau developed between the 1880s and World War I in Western Europe and the USA. It was...
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Art Nouveau developed between the 1880s and World War I in Western Europe and the USA. It was inspired by nature and characterized by sinuous lines. It was a movement that developed across the visual arts that aimed to break away from traditional art. It was closely linked to the...
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Prohibition & Bootlegging: The 18th Amendment, Organized Crime, & More The Prohibition period lasted from January 1920 to December 1933. Its supporters wanted to end the...
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The Prohibition period lasted from January 1920 to December 1933. Its supporters wanted to end the consumption of alcohol, which brought suffering to many families. However, Prohibition was ultimately unsuccessful, and instead, allowed government corruption, widespread criminal...
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The Jacobin Movement: Revolutionaries and Radicals The late 18th century in France was a tumultuous time, marked by the rise of revolutionary...
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The late 18th century in France was a tumultuous time, marked by the rise of revolutionary ideologies. To end the grip of the absolute monarchy, people had to take the matter into their own hands. The result was the French Revolution. One of the most influential groups of the...
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Absolute Monarchy and the Divine Right of Kings: History & Definition In the early modern period, it was not rare for the ruler to claim the divine right to rule and to...
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In the early modern period, it was not rare for the ruler to claim the divine right to rule and to proclaim himself above the earthly laws. Absolute monarchy was one of the common political systems and had a lot of sympathizers not only among the rulers and kings but also among...
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The First Crusade: Pope Urban II and the War for the Holy Land Pope Urban II (1088-1099) was a key figure in the process of initiating the First Crusade by calling...
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Pope Urban II (1088-1099) was a key figure in the process of initiating the First Crusade by calling upon the Christian world to gather together in the name of God and defend the Christian faith against the “non-believers” who had control over the Holy Land and the Holy City,...
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Dancing the Pain Away: What Is Dance Movement Therapy? You may have heard that the body keeps the score, but did you know it also keeps the secret of...
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You may have heard that the body keeps the score, but did you know it also keeps the secret of healing? Dance movement therapy (DMT) is a holistic therapeutic approach that honors the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spirit. Using the body as its instrument, DMT redeems the...
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What if the Aztecs Had Captured and Killed the Spanish Conquistadors? The place: Tenochtitlan, a metropolis built in the middle of a lake, with floating islands supported...
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The place: Tenochtitlan, a metropolis built in the middle of a lake, with floating islands supported by piles. The date: November 1519. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his men must have been astonished. Tenochtitlan had more inhabitants than London or Paris and, in many...
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Who Caused the Trojan War? The Story of Helen, Paris, and the Gods According to the legendary epic poem by Homer, the Trojan War was one of the most destructive in...
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According to the legendary epic poem by Homer, the Trojan War was one of the most destructive in Greek history. It involved nearly every Greek state in a unified siege against the walled city of Troy, in Asia Minor, which would last for 10 years. But what started the war?...
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When Was the Trojan War? Finding Legendary Troy in History The Trojan War, famously recounted by 8th century BCE poet Homer in the Iliad, has been a subject of...
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The Trojan War, famously recounted by 8th century BCE poet Homer in the Iliad, has been a subject of awe and debate among scholars, ancient and modern, for over 2,000 years. While the views of modern scholars differ on whether or not the war happened, they generally agree that...
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7 Works by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec You Should Know Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a famous artist and poster painter, who became known for his images of...
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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a famous artist and poster painter, who became known for his images of popular performers and dancers of his time. He came from a privileged background but was excluded from the higher classes due to his disability. Toulouse-Lautrec found his home...
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Impressionism Beyond Painting: Sculpture, Literature, Film and More Impressionism was the revolutionary art movement that shifted our relationship with painted images....
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Impressionism was the revolutionary art movement that shifted our relationship with painted images. However, we are mostly familiar with it through the lens of painting. The truth is that many artists, photographers, composers, and writers tried to apply the movement’s principles...
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8 Facts About Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a famous French artist and illustrator, celebrated for his images of...
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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a famous French artist and illustrator, celebrated for his images of cafes and posters advertising performances of famous dancers. However, he was also a skilled painter, who had a profound interest in Japanese art, and an aspiring chef....
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What Is the Origin of the Calendar? A calendar is an important tool for organizing daily life, scheduling events, and observing public...
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A calendar is an important tool for organizing daily life, scheduling events, and observing public ceremonies. Today, it is an invaluable instrument when it comes to record-keeping and marking historical events. The term calendar originates from the Latin word calendarium,...
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10 Presidential Landmarks in the US Worth Visiting From grand estates to humble farmhouses, presidential landmarks offer a tangible link to the people...
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From grand estates to humble farmhouses, presidential landmarks offer a tangible link to the people who’ve shaped American history from the highest office. These homes, libraries, parks, and sites reflect personal stories, pivotal decisions, and defining moments, from handwritten...
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Isa Genzken: 12 Facts About the Famous Conceptual Artist Isa Genzken is a German conceptual artist who transformed the concept of mixed media art through her...
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Isa Genzken is a German conceptual artist who transformed the concept of mixed media art through her radical use of materials. She uses cheap, mass-produced materials, scraps of paper, fragments of glass, and other objects to challenge the notion of sculpture and disassemble the...
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10 Highlights of Fondation Louis Vuitton Collection Fondation Louis Vuitton is a privately owned cultural institution that opened its doors to the...
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Fondation Louis Vuitton is a privately owned cultural institution that opened its doors to the public in 2014. It houses vast collections of modern and contemporary art belonging to the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH and its founder, Bernard Arnault. The Fondation Louis Vuitton...
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8 Most Important Works of Socialist Realism Socialist Realism was the dominant cultural doctrine in the Soviet Union. Artists were expected to...
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Socialist Realism was the dominant cultural doctrine in the Soviet Union. Artists were expected to create works that were realistic, inspiring, and easily understandable even by those who never encountered art before. Socialist Realist paintings celebrated labor and glorified...
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What Do Lutherans Believe? The Lutheran Church originates directly from Martin Luther, the renowned reformer. Luther objected...
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The Lutheran Church originates directly from Martin Luther, the renowned reformer. Luther objected to the abuses, immorality, and worldliness of the Catholic Church but never intended to oppose or rebel against the authority of the Church. Rather, he wanted to reform the Church...