I loved this talk from Alexander Petros titled “Building the Hundred-Year Web Service”. What follows is summation of my note-taking from watching the talk on YouTube. Is what you’re building for future generations: Useful for them? Maintainable by them? Adaptable by them? Actually, forget about future generations. Is what you’re building for future you 6 months or 6 years from now aligning with those goals? While we’re building codebases which may not be useful, maintainable, or adaptable by someone two years from now, the Romans built a bridge thousands of years ago that is still being used today. It should be impossible to imagine building something in Roman times that’s still useful today. But if you look at [Trajan’s Bridge in Portugal, which is still used today] you can see there’s a little car on its and a couple pedestrians. They couldn’t have anticipated the automobile, but nevertheless it is being used for that today. That’s a conundrum. How do you build for something you can’t anticipate? You have to think resiliently. Ask yourself: What’s true today, that was true for a software engineer in 1991? One simple answer is: Sharing and accessing information with a uniform resource identifier. That was true 30+ years ago, I would venture to bet it will be true in another 30 years — and more! There [isn’t] a lot of source code that can run unmodified in software that is 30 years apart. And yet, the first web site ever made can do precisely that. The source code of the very first web page — which was written for a line mode browser — still runs today on a touchscreen smartphone, which is not a device that Tim Berners-less could have anticipated. Alexander goes on to point out how interaction with web pages has changed over time: In the original line mode browser, links couldn’t be represented as blue underlined text. They were represented more like footnotes on screen where you’d see something like this[1] and then this[2]. If you wanted to follow that link, there was no GUI to point and click. Instead, you would hit that number on your keyboard. In desktop browsers and GUI interfaces, we got blue underlines to represent something you could point and click on to follow a link On touchscreen devices, we got “tap” with your finger to follow a link. While these methods for interaction have changed over the years, the underlying medium remains unchanged: information via uniform resource identifiers. The core representation of a hypertext document is adaptable to things that were not at all anticipated in 1991. The durability guarantees of the web are absolutely astounding if you take a moment to think about it. In you’re sprinting you might beat the browser, but it’s running a marathon and you’ll never beat it in the long run. If your page is fast enough, [refreshes] won’t even repaint the page. The experience of refreshing a page, or clicking on a “hard link” is identical to the experience of partially updating the page. That is something that quietly happened in the last ten years with no fanfare. All the people who wrote basic HTML got a huge performance upgrade in their browser. And everybody who tried to beat the browser now has to reckon with all the JavaScript they wrote to emulate these basic features. Email · Mastodon · Bluesky

Following up on a previous article I wrote about backwards compatibility, I came across this document from Rick Byers of the Chrome team titled “Blink principles of web compatibility” which outlines how they navigate introducing breaking changes. “Hold up,” you might say. “Breaking changes? But there’s no breaking changes on the web!?” Well, as outlined in their Google Doc, “don’t break anyone ever” is a bit unrealistic. Here’s their rationale: The Chromium project aims to reduce the pain of breaking changes on web developers. But Chromium’s mission is to advance the web, and in some cases it’s realistically unavoidable to make a breaking change in order to do that. Since the web is expected to continue to evolve incrementally indefinitely, it’s essential to its survival that we have some mechanism for shedding some of the mistakes of the past. Fair enough. We all need ways of shedding mistakes from the past. But let’s not get too personal. That’s a different post. So when it comes to the web, how do you know when to break something and when to not? The Chrome team looks at the data collected via Chrome's anonymous usage statistics (you can take a peak at that data yourself) to understand how often “mistake” APIs are still being used. This helps them categorize breaking changes as low-risk or high-risk. What’s wild is that, given Chrome’s ubiquity as a browser, a number like 0.1% is classified as “high-risk”! As a general rule of thumb, 0.1% of PageVisits (1 in 1000) is large, while 0.001% is considered small but non-trivial. Anything below about 0.00001% (1 in 10 million) is generally considered trivial. There are around 771 billion web pages viewed in Chrome every month (not counting other Chromium-based browsers). So seriously breaking even 0.0001% still results in someone being frustrated every 3 seconds, and so not to be taken lightly! But the usage stats are merely a guide — a partially blind one at that. The Chrome team openly acknowledges their dataset doesn’t tell the whole story (e.g. Enterprise clients have metrics recording is disabled, China has Google’s metric servers are disabled, and Chromium derivatives don’t record metrics at all). And Chrome itself is only part of the story. They acknowledge that a change that would break Chrome but align it with other browsers is a good thing because it’s advancing the whole web while perhaps costing Chrome specifically in the short term — community > corporation?? Breaking changes which align Chromium’s behavior with other engines are much less risky than those which cause it to deviate…In general if a change will break only sites coding specifically for Chromium (eg. via UA sniffing), then it’s likely to be net-positive towards Chromium’s mission of advancing the whole web. Yay for advancing the web! And the web is open, which is why they also state they’ll opt for open formats where possible over closed, proprietary, “patent-encumbered” ones. The chromium project is committed to a free and open web, enabling innovation and competition by anyone in any size organization or of any financial means or legal risk tolerance. In general the chromium project will accept an increased level of compatibility risk in order to reduce dependence in the web ecosystem on technologies which cannot be implemented on a royalty-free basis. One example we saw of breaking change that excluded proprietary in favor of open was Flash. One way of dealing with a breaking change like that is to provide opt-out. In the case of Flash, users were given the ability to “opt-out” of Flash being deprecated via site settings (in other words, opt-in to using flash on a page-by-page basis). That was an important step in phasing out that behavior completely over time. But not all changes get that kind of heads-up. there is a substantial portion of the web which is unmaintained and will effectively never be updated…It may be useful to look at how long chromium has had the behavior in question to get some idea of the risk that a lot of unmaintained code will depend on it…In general we believe in the principle that the vast majority of websites should continue to function forever. There’s a lot going on with Chrome right now, but you gotta love seeing the people who work on it making public statements like that — “we believe…that the vast majority of websites should continue to function forever.” There’s some good stuff in this document that gives you hope that people really do care and work incredibly hard to not break the web! (It’s an ecosystem after all.) It’s important for [us] browser engineers to resist the temptation to treat breaking changes in a paternalistic fashion. It’s common to think we know better than web developers, only to find out that we were wrong and didn’t know as much about the real world as we thought we did. Providing at least a temporary developer opt-out is an act of humility and respect for developers which acknowledges that we’ll only succeed in really improving the web for users long-term via healthy collaborations between browser engineers and web developers. More 👏 acts 👏 of 👏 humility 👏 in tech 👏 please! Email · Mastodon · Bluesky

In his book “The Order of Time” Carlo Rovelli notes how we often asks ourselves questions about the fundamental nature of reality such as “What is real?” and “What exists?” But those are bad questions he says. Why? the adjective “real” is ambiguous; it has a thousand meanings. The verb “to exist” has even more. To the question “Does a puppet whose nose grows when he lies exist?” it is possible to reply: “Of course he exists! It’s Pinocchio!”; or: “No, it doesn’t, he’s only part of a fantasy dreamed up by Collodi.” Both answers are correct, because they are using different meanings of the verb “to exist.” He notes how Pinocchio “exists” and is “real” in terms of a literary character, but not so far as any official Italian registry office is concerned. To ask oneself in general “what exists” or “what is real” means only to ask how you would like to use a verb and an adjective. It’s a grammatical question, not a question about nature. The point he goes on to make is that our language has to evolve and adapt with our knowledge. Our grammar developed from our limited experience, before we know what we know now and before we became aware of how imprecise it was in describing the richness of the natural world. Rovelli gives an example of this from a text of antiquity which uses confusing grammar to get at the idea of the Earth having a spherical shape: For those standing below, things above are below, while things below are above, and this is the case around the entire earth. On its face, that is a very confusing sentence full of contradictions. But the idea in there is profound: the Earth is round and direction is relative to the observer. Here’s Rovelli: How is it possible that “things above are below, while things below are above"? It makes no sense…But if we reread it bearing in mind the shape and the physics of the Earth, the phrase becomes clear: its author is saying that for those who live at the Antipodes (in Australia), the direction “upward” is the same as “downward” for those who are in Europe. He is saying, that is, that the direction “above” changes from one place to another on the Earth. He means that what is above with respect to Sydney is below with respect to us. The author of this text, written two thousand years ago, is struggling to adapt his language and his intuition to a new discovery: the fact that the Earth is a sphere, and that “up” and “down” have a meaning that changes between here and there. The terms do not have, as previously thought, a single and universal meaning. So language needs innovation as much as any technological or scientific achievement. Otherwise we find ourselves arguing over questions of deep import in a way that ultimately amounts to merely a question of grammar. Email · Mastodon · Bluesky

Via Jeremy Keith’s link blog I found this article: Elizabeth Goodspeed on why graphic designers can’t stop joking about hating their jobs. It’s about the disillusionment of designers since the ~2010s. Having ridden that wave myself, there’s a lot of very relatable stuff in there about how design has evolved as a profession. But before we get into the meat of the article, there’s some bangers worth acknowledging, like this: Amazon – the most used website in the world – looks like a bunch of pop-up ads stitched together. lol, burn. Haven’t heard Amazon described this way, but it’s spot on. The hard truth, as pointed out in the article, is this: bad design doesn’t hurt profit margins. Or at least there’s no immediately-obvious, concrete data or correlation that proves this. So most decision makers don’t care. You know what does help profit margins? Spending less money. Cost-savings initiatives. Those always provide a direct, immediate, seemingly-obvious correlation. So those initiatives get prioritized. Fuzzy human-centered initiatives (humanities-adjacent stuff), are difficult to quantitatively (and monetarily) measure. “Let’s stop printing paper and sending people stuff in the mail. It’s expensive. Send them emails instead.” Boom! Money saved for everyone. That’s easier to prioritize than asking, “How do people want us to communicate with them — if at all?” Nobody ever asks that last part. Designers quickly realized that in most settings they serve the business first, customers second — or third, or fourth, or... Shar Biggers [says] designers are “realising that much of their work is being used to push for profit rather than change..” Meet the new boss. Same as the old boss. As students, designers are encouraged to make expressive, nuanced work, and rewarded for experimentation and personal voice. The implication, of course, is that this is what a design career will look like: meaningful, impactful, self-directed. But then graduation hits, and many land their first jobs building out endless Google Slides templates or resizing banner ads...no one prepared them for how constrained and compromised most design jobs actually are. Reality hits hard. And here’s the part Jeremy quotes: We trained people to care deeply and then funnelled them into environments that reward detachment. ​​And the longer you stick around, the more disorienting the gap becomes – especially as you rise in seniority. You start doing less actual design and more yapping: pitching to stakeholders, writing brand strategy decks, performing taste. Less craft, more optics; less idealism, more cynicism. Less work advocating for your customers, more work for advocating for yourself and your team within the organization itself. Then the cynicism sets in. We’re not making software for others. We’re making company numbers go up, so our numbers ($$$) will go up. Which reminds me: Stephanie Stimac wrote about reaching 1 year at Igalia and what stood out to me in her post was that she didn’t feel a pressing requirement to create visibility into her work and measure (i.e. prove) its impact. I’ve never been good at that. I’ve seen its necessity, but am just not good at doing it. Being good at building is great. But being good at the optics of building is often better — for you, your career, and your standing in many orgs. Anyway, back to Elizabeth’s article. She notes you’ll burn out trying to monetize something you love — especially when it’s in pursuit of maintaining a cost of living. Once your identity is tied up in the performance, it’s hard to admit when it stops feeling good. It’s a great article and if you’ve been in the design profession of building software, it’s worth your time. Email · Mastodon · Bluesky