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Awesome Python Applications

from Sedimental [alt+shift+b] in programming

What we can learn from 180+ case studies on successfully shipping Python software. If you're reading this (or hearing this), you read and write code, probably Python. And for all the code you've shipped, you've probably had your share of missed requirements. Somehere in the excitement of software abstraction, we can lose sight of what really matters, what makes our well-factored modules and packages and frameworks turn into real-world applications. That's why I'm announcing Awesome Python Applications, a hand-curated list of 180+ projects, all of which are: Free software with an online source repository. Using Python for a considerable part of their functionality. Well-known, or at least prominently used in an identifiable niche. Maintained or otherwise demonstrably still functional on relevant platforms. Shipped applications, not libraries or frameworks. The result is a list of predominantly focused on software that installs without pip or PyPI, and whose audience is mostly not developers. There's still plenty of that in there, too, with other exceptions, but the breadth of the list speaks for itself. So why spend weeks cataloguing open-source Python applications? Aside from holiday cheer, three big reasons. Contents Goal #1: A Better Development Cycle Goal #2: A Complete Python Production Loop Goal #3: Grounding for the Python Ecosystem Next steps Goal #1: A Better Development Cycle Ever since I started talking about Python packaging, people have been asking me questions about which packaging technique is best for their software. I was struck, over and over again, how far people can get in developing an application before reaching the fundamental question of delivery. Exploring this, I landed on a more basic question: Why are so many people building applications from first principles (blog posts and Stack Overflow)? Isn't Python one of the biggest names in the software world? Aren't there dozens of successful, real-world applications written in Python? What are...
20th Dec 2018

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Announcing FinFam

In my last post, I mentioned founding a startup. It's called FinFam, and we're building collaborative financial planning. The GitHub of money, if you will. Enough with the telling, time for the show! Here's a 3-minute demo: We launched beta this week and I couldn't be more excited. Let me tell you why. Where's this coming from? Growing up as the son of starving grad students, when it comes to money, I've been known to default to what we affectionately call "poor man brain." Cautious to a fault. But my student parents turned into scientists, so I'm eminently convinceable. I just need to see the math, or better yet, a spreadsheet. The problem? Making those spreadsheets. And more importantly, trusting them. A few years back, a friend was house hunting in the Bay Area. They came to me to talk through the famous rent-vs-buy problem. They didn't want an advisor to manage money or sell them products. They came to me because I worked in fintech and thus "knew money", even though I've only been involved in two home purchases, and wouldn't consider myself an expert. That experience crystallized something I'd been noticing everywhere: People trust their friends and family to have their best interests in mind... But can't trust them to have the best information. We can trust experts to have knowledge... but can't always trust their incentive alignment. In an era of ever-advancing information (and misinformation) glut, how do we get to a place of confidence in our hard-won justified true belief? Trust is social After 15+ years building fintech at PayPal and Stripe, I saw money movement simplified and commoditized. But the difficulty of transacting moved upstream. We made the how of buying easier, while advances in technology made the what, when, and why so much harder. From BNPL to crypto to vibecession, our economic realities aren't getting simpler. To compensate, 79% of young adults get financial guidance from social media (Forbes). Not because TikTok or YouTube has better models than Morgan Stanley, but because they trust the people sharing their stories. Millions of people are already collaborating on financial decisions. Privately on WhatsApp, obscurely on Discord, and full-blown publicly on Reddit: /r/personalfinance - 21 million members /r/financialindependence - 2.3 million /r/financialplanning - 1 million And dozens more subreddits and Internet forums (shoutout Bogleheads and Refinery29's Money Diaries). They're sharing detailed financial profiles with strangers on the internet, seeking advice from generous folks in full view. There's a fast-emerging story about AI here, and I've got whole posts dedicated to that coming soon. For now, suffice to say, we need the tools to catch up to the times. Enter FinFam FinFam[^name] lets families and friends collaborate on financial decisions with each other, using expert information without any commitments to said experts. We want to holistically solve the problem of financial decisionmaking using interaction models proven by GitHub + StackOverflow + app stores. How? First, creators publish interactive models, to FinFam's View marketplace. Then, you, a user who has a financial question or decision to make: Pick up a relevant expert view. If one doesn't exist, ask in FinFam's Q&A board. Plug in your own numbers and save it to a private workspace for your inner circle Discuss the results, with optional AI-assisted guidance as needed Move forward with confidence. We scale the expert knowledge while embracing the fundamentals of human social trust. Users get better decisions and peace of mind. Open-source meets fintech My years of work in open-source and wiki ecosystems showed me the power of collaborative, transparent tools. FinFam brings that same philosophy to personal finance. To further scale the knowledge, we make it possible for anyone to create a View. The View "source" format is XLSX, and can be edited with Google Sheets, Excel, or LibreOffice. Any published View can also be open-sourced. Just like with code, financial models are now reviewable, forkable, and improvable by the community. Curious users can check the community's math. Numbers and discussions happen with people you trust. Everything is private by default, shareable by design. What's next We launched beta this week and there are now daily spots available as we add capacity. You can sign up for early access here. I've been using it with friends and family for months now, and it has replaced Google Sheets for the financial decisions we face. There's so much more I want to share about the vision, the technology, and the journey so far. But this feels like we're off to a good start. Want to follow along? Subscribe to FinFam here and Sedimental here. If you're wondering about the name, just log in, go to your default space, create a thread, and ask Finn. ↩

19th Sep 2025 • 1 votes
What I've been up to in 2025

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25th Aug 2025 • 1 votes
Intentional Creation

Reliably tap into your creativity with the 4 Cs: Consume, critique, curate, create. This is one of my oldest ideas, finally published on the GitHub ReadME Project blog, along with a profile, in June 2022. For more like this, follow me on Twitter or Mastodon. (You can also read it in 中文 here. Thanks Dominic Huang!) We all have creative potential. Whether it gets you up in the morning or keeps you up at night, you've felt its gnaw. Turning that potential into productivity can prove challenging in an internet-connected environment that offers a constant stream of consumables. How do we pick a direction? In this guide, you'll see how to distill the elements of creativity into four deliberate stages, and how to put the process to use: Contents Consume Critique Curate Create Debugging the process Putting it into practice These 4 Cs comprise a straightforward, adaptable approach that works well in both group and solo settings. You've already started on step 1. Read on to find out what to do next. Consume Step 1: Turn passive consumption into active research. From the moment you open your eyes in the morning, you're accosted with calls to consume. Articles, videos, podcasts, the newest Wordle variant. When consumption is the default mode of our modern computing environment, how is a builder supposed to build? To create, we must first recognize its inverse: consumption. Consumption is a useful stage, but can be dangerous if it’s terminal. An infinite loop in this stage kills any chance of creation. Little is created in a vacuum. Creation still starts with consumption, albeit consumption disarmed with an intention. Turn pure consumption into active research, punctuated with critique. Critique Step 2: Capture your reactions in critiques, and research no faster than you can react. As with so many software problems of our day, the answer is simple: React. No, not the JavaScript framework, but the human act of reaction. Intentional creation starts with giving yourself pause on new inputs. Seek a reaction from yourself. A semi-structured reaction, or critique, is a time-honored practice in creative fields, like architecture. Infinite scroll may prove challenging to overcome, but before turning your consideration to the next item in your feed, activate your critical senses. Draw some conclusions. Even unvetted, they're yours. If you're finding it hard to summon a critique, this is a clear sign you're consuming faster than you can reflect. If you're not reflecting, you're not learning. You may need to go deeper on individual items, or just take a break. Your critiques have never been easier to capture, whether typed in markdown, dictated to automatic transcription, or written down in a notepad on your desk. Try opening your editor or critique tool before opening any new resources. Feel free to open one now. If you're not reflecting, you're not learning. Curate Step 3: Curate critiques into collections that act as reservoirs of creative reference. Critiques are only proto-creative output. Writing anything helps prime the creative pump, but criticism is raw reaction. You want a refined synthesis. Once you've got enough critiques under your belt, curate the positive examples into a collection. From interior designers to lab researchers to club DJs, creators recognize the value of a structured, referenceable collection. Sometimes a situation calls for urgency or direction, and an organized, well-researched collection can offer an existing solution. Sometimes, in the context of a comprehensive collection, the lack of a referenceable solution is itself a signal that it's time to invent. Curated collections become artifacts unto themselves. I've helped create a few, including 0ver.org, seealso.org, and the Awesome Python Applications list. There’s more awesome out there beyond Awesome Lists, like explorabl.es, the Cooperpress newsletters, or the “swipe file” phenomenon used among designers and content creators. There's respectable work in curation. Still, curation is more important as a stepping stone to our original higher calling. Less is more. Create Step 4: Return to your curations regularly to discover your creative path forward. Collections of a certain size tend to produce interesting findings. Patterns and gaps emerge that inspire creative next steps. As an example, while researching approaches to Python packaging, a pattern emerged that led to one of my most popular concepts/blog posts/talks, The Packaging Gradient. Whole projects can be born out of connections made with collections. My framework Clastic, which was eventually used by teams at PayPal and Wiki Loves Monuments, came out of the curated combination of pytest dependency-injection semantics with werkzeug primitives. Realistically, the majority of creation happens below the threshold of standalone artifacts. For instance, when adding a feature to an existing system, a parallel approach in a different project serves as a useful guide. I've lost track of the number of times I've swiped techniques from Awesome Python Applications, including ones used to port my dayjob's 300k SLOC codebase from Python 2 to 3. Most creative outputs have a similar lineage. Only now we have an explicit process. Debugging the process It's easy to see creations we appreciate as towering achievements that sprung fully-formed from their creators' genius. But creation comes in fits and starts. If creation comes slowly, here are a few strategies to consider: Search for a natural split in an existing collection that's getting too big, and explore what makes it interesting. Revisit an old, contentious critique and re-react. What did you get right/wrong? Pick a particular exemplar and turn it into a case study. One beautiful aspect of FOSS projects is that going deep can mean getting involved. There's nothing like proximity to a problem to inspire creative thinking. More generally, be wary of one-size-fits-all solutions; while prescriptive techniques such as the Zettelkasten Method may work for some, creation is idiosyncratic. Embrace your own process. Putting it into practice When inspiration hits, connections can form so quickly that we take for granted what goes on. When inspiration proves less willing to strike, we can keep ourselves primed for creativity by ensuring all four activities continue in balance. There are a few notable benefits of intentional creation: When you've built something, the influences are well-documented. It can be easier to involve others when there's a clear creative thread to pull on. Sharing your critiques and curations invites collaboration with other creators and curators. Self-awareness. If you're not finding your critiques crystallizing into new thoughts and ideas for projects, that's a sign you're looking at the wrong stuff. Are you following your interests or passively consuming trending content? Practically, intentional creation means consciously spending less time on consumer sites, from Twitter to Hacker News, and more time taking notes, tagging bookmarks, and creating your own knowledge base. Attempt activities that are less entertainment and more you, ultimately closing the gap between you and your creative goals. If it sounds too simple, that's because it is. You're still accountable to you, that's the hard part. But hopefully you'll find some value in this simple hierarchy that lets you check in on your own activities and make adjustments toward a more creative end. Spend less time consuming, and more time on the other three Cs. Consume only enough to allow yourself to critique, curate, and create. If you made it this far, then start now. Step 2. Use any tool or service you like, from spreadsheets to YAML, and answer this: What's your critique?

4th Jan 2023 • 1 votes
Changing the Tires on a Moving Codebase

2020 was a year of reckonings. And for all that was beyond one’s control, as the year went on, I found myself pouring more and more into the one thing that felt within reach: futureproofing of the large enterprise web application I helped build, SimpleLegal. Now complete, this replatforming easily ranks in my most complex projects, and right now, holds the top spot for the happiest ending. That happiness comes at a cost, but with some the right approach that cost may not be as high as you think. Contents The Bottom Line The Setup The Outset The Traction Issues The Sentry Pivot The New Road Committing to transactions The truly atomic request Transactional test setup Better than best practices The utility of namespaces Coverage tools Flattening database migrations Easing onto the stack The Rollout The Aftermath The Bottom Line We took SimpleLegal’s primary product, a 300,000 line Django-1.11-Python 2.7-Redis-Postgres-10 codebase, to a Django 2.2-Python 3.8-Postgres-12 stack, on-schedule and without major site incidents. And it feels amazing. Speaking as tech lead on the project, what did it look like? For me, something like this: But as Director of Engineering, what did it cost? 3.5 dev years and just about $2 per line of code. And I'm especially proud of that result, because along the way, we also substantially improved the speed and reliability of both the site and development process itself. The product now has a bright future ahead, ready to shine in sales RFPs and compliance questionnaires. Most importantly, there’ll be no worrying about when to delicately break it to a candidate that they’ll be working with unsupported technology. In short, a large, solid investment that’s already paying for itself. If you just came here for the estimate we wish we had, you've got it. This post is all about how your team can achieve the same result, if not better. The Setup The story begins in 2013, when a freshly YC-incubated SimpleLegal made all the right decisions for a new SaaS LegalTech company: Python, Django, Postgres, Redis. In classic startup fashion, features came first, unless technology was a blocker. Packages were only upgraded incidentally. By 2019, the end of this technical runway had drawn near. While Python 2 may be getting extended support from various vendors, there were precious few volunteers in sight to do Django 1 CVE patches in 2021. A web framework’s a riskier attack surface, so we finally had our compliance forcing function, and it was time to pay off our tech debt. The Outset So began our Tech Refresh replatforming initiative, in Q4 2019. The goal: Upgrade the stack while still shipping features, like changing the tires of a moving car. We wanted to do it carefully, and that would take time. Here are some helpful ground rules for long-running projects: Any project that gets worked on 10+ hours per week deserves a 30-minute weekly sync. Every recurring meeting deserves a log. Put it in the invite. Use that Project Log to record progress, blockers, and decisions. It’s a marathon, not a sprint. Avoid relying on working nights, weekends, and holidays. We started with a sketch of a plan that, generously interpreted, ended up being about halfway correct. Some early guesses that turned into successes: Move to pip-tools and unpin dependencies based on extensive changelog analysis. Identify packages without py23 compatible versions. (Though we’ve since moved to poetry.) Add line coverage reporting to CI Revamp internal testing framework to allow devs to quickly write tests More on these below. Other plans weren’t so realistic: Take our CI from ~60% to 95% line coverage in 6 months Parallelized conversion of app packages over the course of 3 months Use low traffic times around USA holidays (Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Years) to gradually roll onto the new app before 2021. We were young! As naïve as we were, at least we knew it would be a lot of work. To help shoulder the burden, we scouted, hired, and trained three dedicated off-shore developers. The Traction Issues Even with added developers, by mid-2020 it was becoming obvious we were dreaming about 95% coverage, let alone 100%. Total coverage may be best practice, but 3.5 developers couldn’t cover enough ground. We were getting valuable tests, and even finding old bugs, but if we stuck with the letter of the plan, Django 2 would end up being a 2022 project. At 70%, we decided it was time to pivot. We realized that CI is more sensitive than most users for most of the site. So we focused in on testing the highest impact code. What’s high-impact? 1) the code that fails most visibly and 2) the code that’s hardest to retry. You can build an inventory of high-impact code in under a week by looking at traffic stats, batch job schedules, and asking your support staff. Around 80% of the codebase falls outside that high-traffic/high-impact list. What to do about that 80%? Lean in on error detection and fast time-to-fix. The Sentry Pivot One nice thing about startup life is that it’s easy to try new tools. One practice we’ve embraced at SimpleLegal is to reserve every 5th week for developers to work on the development process itself, like a coordinated 20% time. Even the best chef can’t cook five-star food in a messy kitchen. This was our way of cleaning up the shop and ultimately speeding up the ship. During one such period, someone had the genius idea to add dedicated error reporting to the system, using Sentry. Within a day or two, we had a site you could visit and get stack traces. It was pretty magical, and it wasn’t until Tech Refresh that we realized that while integration takes one dev-day, full adoption can take a team months. You see, adding Sentry to a mature-but-fast-moving system means one thing: noise. Our live site was erroring all the time. Most errors weren’t visible or didn’t block users, who in some cases had quietly learned to work around longstanding site quirks. Pretty quickly, our developers learned to treat Sentry as a repository of debugging information. A Sentry event on its own wasn’t something to be taken seriously in 2019. That changed in 2020, with the team responsible for delivering a seamless replatform needing Sentry to be something else: a responsive site quality tool. How did we get there? First step, enhance the data flowing into Sentry by following these best practices: Split up your products into separate Sentry projects. This includes your frontend and backend. Tag your releases. Don’t tag dev env deployments with the branch, it clutters up the Releases UI. Add a separate branch tag for searches. Split up your environments. This is critical for directing alerts. Our Sentry client environment is configured by domain conventions and Django’s sites framework. If it helps, here's a baseline, we use these environments: Production: Current official release. DevOps monitored. Sandbox: Current official release (some companies do next release). Used by customers to test changes. DevOps monitored. Demo/Sales: Previous official release. Mostly internal traffic, but external visibility at prospect demo time. DevOps monitored. Canary: Next official release. Otherwise known as staging. Internal traffic. Dev monitored. ProdQA: Current official release. Used internally to reproduce support issues. Dev monitored. QA: Dev branches, dev release, internal traffic. Unmonitored debugging data. Local test/CI: Not published to Sentry by default. With issues finally properly tagged and searchable, we used Sentry’s new Discover tool to export issues weekly, and prioritize legacy errors. To start, we focused on high-visibility production errors with non-internal human users. Our specific query: has:user !transaction:/api/* event.type:error !user.username:*@simplelegal.* We triaged into 4 categories: Quick fix (minor bug), Quick error (turn an opaque 500 error into a actionable 400 of some form), Spike (larger bug, requires research), and Silence (using Sentry’s ignore feature). Over 6 weeks we went from over 2500 weekly events down to less than 500. Further efforts have gotten us under 100 events per week, spread across a handful of issues, which is more than manageable for even a lean team. While "Sentry Zero" remains the ideal, we achieved and maintained the real goal of a responsive flow, in large part thanks to the Slack integration. Our team no longer hears about server errors from our Support team. In fact, these days, we let them know when a client is having trouble and we’ve got a ticket underway. And it really is important to develop close ties with your support team. Embedded in our strategy above was that CI is much more sensitive than a real user. While perfection is tempting, it’s not unrealistic to ask a bit of patience from an enterprise user, provided your support team is prepared. Sync with them weekly so surprise is minimized. If they’re feeling ambitious, you can teach them some Sentry basics, too. The New Road With noise virtually eliminated, we were ready to move fast. While the lean-in on fast-fixing Sentry issues was necessary, a strong reactive game is only useful if there are proactive changes being pushed. Here are some highlights we learned when making those changes: Committing to transactions Used properly, rollbacks can make it like errors never happened, the perfect complement to a fast-fix strategy. The truly atomic request Get as much as possible into the transactions. Turn on ATOMIC_REQUESTS, if you haven’t already. Some requests do more than change the database, though, like sending notifications and enqueuing background tasks. At SimpleLegal, we rearchitected to defer all side effects (except logging) until a successful response was being returned. Middleware can help, but mainly we achieved this by getting rid of our Redis queue, and switching to a PostgreSQL-backed task queue/broker. This arrangement ensures that if an error occurs, the transaction is rolled back, no tasks are enqueued, and the user gets a clean failure. We spot the breakage in Sentry, toggle over to the old site to unblock, and their next retry succeeds. Transactional test setup Transactionality also proved key to our testing strategy. SimpleLegal had long outgrown Django’s primitive fixture system. Most tests required complex Python to set up, making tests slow to write and slow to run. To speed up both writing and running, we wrapped the whole test session in a transaction, then, before any test cases run, we set up exemplary base states. Test cases used these base states as fixtures, and rolled back to the base state after every test case. See this conftest.py excerpt for details. Better than best practices Software scenarios vary so widely, there’s an art to knowing which advice isn’t for you. Here’s an assortment of cul de sacs we learned about firsthand. The utility of namespaces Given how code is divided into modules, packages, Django apps, etc., it may be tempting to treat those as units of work. Don’t start there. Code divisions can be pretty arbitrary, and it’s hard to know when you’ve pulled on a risky thread. Assuming there are automated refactorings, as in a 2to3 conversion, start by porting by type of transformation. That way, one need only review a command and a list of paths affected. Plus, automated fixes necessarily follow a pattern, meaning more people can fix bugs arising from the refactor. Coverage tools Coverage was a mixed bag for us. Obviously our coverage-first strategy wasn’t tenable, but it was still useful for prioritization and status checks. On a per-change basis, we found coverage tools to be somewhat unreliable. We never got to the bottom of why coverage acted nondeterministically, and we left the conclusion at, “off-the-shelf tools like codecov are probably not targeted at monorepos of our scale.” In running into coverage walls, we ended up exploring many other interpretations of coverage. For us, much higher-priority than line coverage were “route coverage” (i.e., every URL has at least one integration test) and “model repr coverage” (i.e., every model object had a useful text representation, useful for debugging in Sentry). With more time, we would have liked to build tools around those, and even around online-profiling based coverage statistics, to prioritize the highest traffic lines, not just the highest traffic routes. If you’ve heard of approaches to these ends, we’d love to discuss them with you. Flattening database migrations On the surface, reducing the number of files we needed to upgrade seems logical. Turns out, flattening migrations is a low-payoff strategy to get rid of files. Changing historical migration file structure complicated our rollout, while upgrading migrations we didn’t flatten was straightforward. Not to mention, if you just wanted the CI speedup, you can take the same page from the Open EdX Platform that we did: build a base DB cache that you check in every couple months. Turns out, you can learn a lot from open-source applications. Easing onto the stack If you have more than one application, use the smaller, simpler application to pilot changes. We were lucky enough to have a separate app whose tests ran faster, making for a tighter development loop we coul learn from. Likewise, if you have more than one production environment, start rollouts with the one with the least impact. Clone your CI jobs for the new stack, too. They’ll all fail, but resist the urge to mark them as optional. Instead, build a single-file inventory of all tests and their current testing state. We built a small extension for our test runner, pytest, which bulk skipped tests based on a status inventory file. Then, ratchet: unskip and fix a test, update the file, check that tests pass, and repeat. Much more convenient and scannable than pytest mark decorators spread throughout the codebase. See this conftest.py excerpt for details. The Rollout In Q4 2020, we doubled up on infrastructure to run the old and new sites in parallel, backed by the same database. We got into a loop of enabling traffic to the new stack, building a queue of Sentry issues to fix, and switching it back off, while tracking the time. After around 120 hours of new stack, strategically spread around the clock and week, enough organizational confidence had been built that we could leave the site on during our most critical hours: Mondays and Tuesdays at the beginning of the month. The sole hiccup was an AWS outage Thanksgiving week. At this point we were ahead of schedule, and enough confidence had been built in our fast-fix workflow that we didn’t need our original holiday testing windows. And for that, many thanks were given. We kept at the fast-fix crank until we were done. Done isn't when the new system has no errors, it's when traffic on the new system has fewer events than the old system. Then, fix forward, and start scheduling time to delete the scaffolding. The Aftermath So, once you’re on current LTS versions of Django, Python, Linux, and Postgres, job complete, right? Thankfully, tech debt never quite hits 0. While updating and replacing core technologies on a schedule is no small feat, replacing a rusty part with a shiny one doesn’t change a design. Architectural tech debt -- mistakes in abstractions, including the lack thereof -- can present an even greater challenge. Solutions to those problems don’t generalize between projects as cleanly, but they do benefit from up-to-date and error-free foundations. For all the projects looking to add tread to their technical tires, we hope this retrospective helps you confidently and pragmatically retrofit your stack for years to come. Finally, big thanks to Uvik for the talent connection, and the talent: Yaroslav, Serhii, and Oleh. Shoutouts to Kurt, Justin, and Chris, my fellow leads. And the cheers to business leadership at SimpleLegal and everywhere, for seeing the value in maintainability.

10th Mar 2021 • 1 votes
Thanks, 201X!

Thought I'd take a Sunday afternoon to reflect on, oh I don't know, a decade. Been a long ten years, but it's flown past. This particular decade happens to coincide with my first years of full-time professional software engineering. The Quantity I can't possibly summarize it all, and if I tried, it'd still be colored by what's on my mind right now. But I can point to the artifacts I tried to leave along the way: Twitter FWIW1 (2008+) ~20 Open-Source Projects (2012+) ~15 Hatnote Projects (2013+, follow us) ~25 entries on this blog (2015+) +7 here (2014-2016) Not including pythondoeswhat.com or blog.hatnote.com (or other posts on the blogs only real heads know) ~10 Talks (2016+) Lest I forget: O'Reilly's Enterprise Software with Python (2016) And several podcast/media appearances calver.org (2016) and 0ver.org (2018) (Versioning is a fun pastime) Pyninsula (2017+) - YouTube, Meetup, Email Announce Taking a chronological look at each of the above, I'm relieved to see obvious growth. If I were to highlight one resource, it would probably be the talks. Despite the stress of preparation and delivery, I'm least concerned with having a massive miscommunication when we're all in the room and I can see the points hitting home. It's impossible to pick a favorite, but Ask the Ecosystem (2019), the Restructuring Data lightning talk (2018), and The Packaging Gradient (2017) seem like audience faves from where I'm sitting. The Quality Each project, post, and talk had its own reward, but I guess I've got more than just those to show for the decade. On the more profit-driven side, I built tools and teams at PayPal, but once I could manage the risk, I got to dip into startups for the last few years. Lucky for me, it wasn't a total bust, and the wife and I bought a place in my favorite neighborhood (in the USA). Not a millionaire, but I'm hoping and working for a world where no one has to be. More recently, the Python Software Foundation made me a Fellow. This isn't something I can be nonchalant about, and I'm not going to understate how much this means, to me, working in a field like software, where concrete symbols of progress are alternatingly elusive and vanishing. Plus it's Python, and reciprocated love is nice. I have hundreds of people to thank for helping me reach this point, and I have to thank the PSF for dedicating the time to ramping up these awards. They've convinced me more than ever that we need more institutions to build this sort of advancement. To all of you, thank you. The Struggle I like to think I managed to do all of the above while staying away from industry hype, on the principle that massive speculative capital influx isn't where real value is added to society, and doesn't generate the kind of innovation that excites me. I may have been naïve, but I came to Silicon Valley with an idea about the transformative power of software. Changing times may illustrate a grittier interpretation than the one I had and have, but I continue to hold dear software's potential for positive impact. If you've felt that vision waver, let me tell you, you're not alone. In the past decade, I've seen too many engineers sucked in by new technologies and ventures, only to find themselves alienated from their work. Episodes ranging from an afternoon lost to debugging Docker/k8s clusters, to years of work disappearing at the end of a VC runway. Nothing has been harder to watch than those bedraggled-but-persistent idealists regroup, each time a bit more cynical than the last. Even if its seeming intractibility has taken it from the center stage, the burnout conversation continues to smolder, because there's no issue realer. I know; I released more ceramics than software back in 2014. Some problems can be solved by paying the maintainers, but I think the vastly bigger issue is around losing the human connection between the real effort software takes and the real benefits it brings, combined with FOSS's dearth of collaborators in supporting roles (QA, product/project/release management). That's why I'm incredibly thankful for the Wikimedia community for always being there, patient with schedules and issues, as long as the software got the job done. It can be a challenge to juggle projects, but I tell every budding engineer: find that direct connection to people who will appreciate your work, and avoid cynicism at all costs. There are some interesting prospects in the works, but I'm keeping this post retro. Besides, if 2029 rolls around and all I did was break even with 2009-19, I don't see how I can be disappointed. Thanks again for everything in 201X, and for sticking with me in 202X. Despite using Twitter for over a decade, the process of tweeting feels so perfunctory, and the service itself so tenuous, that I still can't bring myself to invest the time. I mostly use it to crosspost my blog posts or help friends promote their posts/projects. But until I start an email newsletter, or really get on top of yak.party, it's still the best I got for announcing where I'm speaking next. ↩

2nd Dec 2019 • 1 votes

More in programming

TokyoDev Welcomes Its Head of Operations

TokyoDev has grown substantially over the past few years. We’ve expanded our community, dramatically increased the scope and frequency of our events, and have curated a library of articles for international developers. Despite all that, the way we run the business hasn’t changed much. I’ve continued to coordinate most of these activities myself, making the final decisions and keeping everything connected. In short, TokyoDev cannot run without my daily input. That approach worked well when TokyoDev was smaller, but it’s increasingly limiting how much we can accomplish. To help the business grow further, I wanted to find someone to take over some of my responsibilities and bring a fresh perspective. This is a significant step for me personally, as while I have worked with many contractors over the years, I have never actually hired a regular employee. Most importantly, I wanted to ensure that this person was someone I could trust to understand what TokyoDev stands for, and to make decisions in line with our philosophy. So I’m happy to announce that Scott Rothrock is joining TokyoDev full time as our Head of Operations. About Scott Scott has lived in Japan for nearly 20 years and has worked as a software engineer in multiple industries and environments, including small Japanese-owned businesses, overseas employers, and international companies based in Japan. Until the end of October 2026, he was the head of the Japan Markets team at Kraken Technologies, where he led an international team of software engineers in delivering complicated, regulated products on strict timelines for Japanese electricity and gas retailers, while also ensuring compliance with evolving organizational and global standards. He’s made a name for himself both inside and outside Japan as a kind, effective mentor who can cultivate great engineers and leaders. Scott’s previous role in TokyoDev Some of you may already know Scott in another capacity, as he has been involved with TokyoDev since 2022. He began as a community volunteer and later became our community manager, which also included responsibilities such as managing our article pipeline from submission to publishing. When I created TokyoDev’s Discord, I had no previous experience running an online community. Scott joined soon after I started and began helping other members, stepping in when people behaved inappropriately, and configuring our roles and permissions and safety features. I was impressed by his initiative and asked him to become an official moderator in January 2023. Outside of his role as a moderator, Scott has always pushed TokyoDev to grow; for example, he arranged internet events such as livestreamed AMAs and interviews. He organized TokyoDev’s first meetup as a volunteer in February 2023, which taught me that there was interest in TokyoDev events outside of the internet. By the end of 2023, I had brought him on as our part-time community manager. What I saw throughout his tenure was that Scott continued to take initiative in expanding TokyoDev. Scott was one of our first external contributors, writing about his experience living with a disability in Japan. He encouraged me to expand and refine both our editing and submission processes so that we could reach out to even more contributors and platform their perspectives. The editorial team now consists of him and Rebecca Callahan, and they’ve had a hand in every article that TokyoDev has published. In other words, since 2022, Scott has shown that he cares about TokyoDev as much as I do. He is invested in what we do and why we do it, and shares my vision for what TokyoDev can become. What changes now Scott’s experiences as an engineer, a mentor, and a leader make me confident that, as our Head of Operations, he will continue to help TokyoDev mature. A big part of what has made TokyoDev successful is that I see the software developers who use our site as my peers and genuinely want to help them. Scott shares that perspective, and will join me in ensuring that TokyoDev remains true to its principles while we grow. So what changes in the short term? Nothing dramatic. I will teach Scott about managing TokyoDev as a business, and he will document our processes and products as a part of that learning. He will also look for areas of improvement while ensuring that we remain compliant with regulations and labor law. Over time, I will hand over some other responsibilities. I will continue to run TokyoDev, but TokyoDev will become less dependent on me for its day-to-day operations. Long term, I’m excited about what this will enable us to do. TokyoDev has always been about helping international software developers build successful careers in Japan, and bringing Scott on full time puts us in a much better position to continue doing that. We look forward to writing the next chapter of TokyoDev together.

3 hours ago • 1 votes
Speeding up Kidz Fun Art & making Google love it

Kidz Fun Art is a drawing, colouring and animation app for kids that I’ve been building since 2021. It runs in the browser also as a simple wrapper app on iOS, iPadOS and Windows. It wasn’t getting a great click through rate on Google, even for people who directly searched for it. So, for two days I took a hard look at how fast it loads and how search engines see it. It wasn’t flattering. This post covers what I found, what I changed and what the graphs say now. Short version: on a simulated slow phone, the homepage’s Largest Contentful Paint got about 2.6× faster (15.9 s to 6.1 s) and its first load is about 82% smaller (4.2 MB to 0.75 MB). I also fixed a set of SEO mistakes that are, frankly, embarrassing to write down. I’ll write them down anyway. Part 1: Google had no idea what the site was for I started by reading 16 months of Google Search Console data. 9,380 clicks in total. About 9,200 came from people who had typed “kidz fun art” or a close spelling. People searching for what the app actually does (“coloring app for kids”, “ai art for kids”, “make a comic book”) sent the site 164 clicks. In 16 months. Total. When there was a relevant page, Google ranked it well. The site was #1 for things like “drawing app for kids ipad” and a German query that means “paint by numbers app without ads”. There just weren’t many relevant pages. Then I looked at the code, and the cause was obvious. The homepage <title> was “Kidz Fun Art” in all 12 languages. That’s a fine name, and a terrible title. It tells a search engine nothing. The homepage’s first <h1> was the pricing table’s “Choose your experience”. I was, in effect, telling Google that the most important thing on my homepage was the checkout. Every blog post had the same meta description: a generic line about “news, updates, tips”. Each post’s front matter already had a perfectly good excerpt field that nobody read. Blog posts had two <h1>s: the site header and the post title. There was no structured data at all. The sitemap that redirected every single URL This one stings. The sitemap is the one file whose whole job is to say “here are my URLs, please index them”. Mine listed 17 URLs, and every one of them redirected. The sitemap build used an environment variable that resolved to kidzfun.art. The site lives on www.kidzfun.art, so every URL got a 308. Only the English blog posts were listed. The other 11 languages appeared only as hreflang alternates, which pointed at redirecting URLs too. There were no <link rel="canonical"> tags on any page and no hreflang in the page <head>. Google was left to guess which URL was the real one, and it guessed wrong a lot. What I changed: The sitemap is now built on https://www.kidzfun.art, with 204 URLs: every home page, blog index, blog post, About page and gallery page, in all 12 languages. Each one lists all of its language alternates plus an x-default. A shared SeoLinks component adds an absolute canonical (www, no query string) and the full hreflang set to every public page. The ?v= cache-busting URLs that had been showing up as duplicates now canonicalise to the clean URL. /xx/blog/yy/... URLs, which returned a 500 in production (oops), now 308 to /blog/yy/.... Login, account, debug, export and embed pages send X-Robots-Tag: noindex, follow from next.config.js, so they stop using up crawl budget. robots.txt now mentions the sitemap. Novel idea. Why Google skipped half the site Search Console’s Pages report had 93 of 174 known pages not indexed. Every reason on that list traces back to the mistakes above: “Page with redirect” (22): that sitemap, plus internal links to the non-www host. “Duplicate without user-selected canonical” (18): I hadn’t selected any canonicals. Fair cop. “Crawled, currently not indexed” (39): mostly translated posts that Google reached through redirecting URLs, plus thin pages like /login. “Discovered, currently not indexed” (12): Google found these and decided they weren’t worth a visit. With no sitemap entry and no hreflang, I hadn’t given it a reason to. On-page fixes Titles and descriptions: Each blog post got its own seoTitle and description, in all 12 languages. The meta description now comes from the post’s excerpt, which is what that field was for all along. The About pages take their title and description from their own localized Markdown. They had been sharing an English title and a generic description. One <h1> per page: A # heading inside a post’s Markdown now renders as an <h2>, so the post title is the only <h1>. The About page opts back in with a keepH1 prop. Its Markdown heading is the page title. This fix arrived in two parts. The first part left the About page with zero <h1>s. I noticed, eventually. Structured data and social tags: JSON-LD for the home page (the app), blog posts (articles) and the embedded videos. Open Graph and X/Twitter tags on every public page, so shared links get a proper card. A real 404 for deleted gallery images: The AI gallery shows a friendly “AI Artwork Not Found” page when an image has been deleted. It used to return 200 OK, which Google calls a “soft 404” and dislikes. It now returns a 404 with noindex, and a 503 if the Firestore lookup itself fails, so a database hiccup tells crawlers “come back later” rather than “this is gone”. Part 2: Making the homepage fast The homepage is the app. It works offline, so every dialog (save, stickers, colouring pages, “get an adult”, “no wifi”) is server-rendered into the HTML up front. That’s a deliberate trade-off, and I kept it because I want new users to be able to immediately be able to start drawing as soon as they launch the app. What I hadn’t thought about was what it meant for the network. What the homepage downloaded before the app could start I measured the live site with a Lighthouse-style mobile profile: slow 4G (1.6 Mbps, 150 ms latency), 4× CPU slowdown, empty cache. First load: 4.5 MB over 198 requests. The homepage HTML alone was 358 KB, with about 77 <img> tags in hidden dialogs. The browser dutifully fetched every one of those images. The script that starts the app (main.min.js, 191 KB) sat at the very end of the document, so the browser found it last and gave it whatever bandwidth was left. The app script finished arriving at about 14 seconds. The CPU was not the problem. Every long task was under 300 ms. This was purely about bandwidth and request order. I had built a very polite queue and put my own app at the back of it. Watch the queue The waterfall is a simplified illustration. The milestone times (first paint, LCP, load) are measured: slow 4G + 4× CPU, local production build, median of 3 runs. My Largest Contentful Paint was the “Contact support” link The canvas doesn’t count toward LCP, and the toolbar buttons are small. So on a slow load the largest thing painted was… the loading dialog. The loading dialog fades in its “Taking a while? Contact support” text after 5 to 7.5 seconds. On a slow connection, that text became the page’s LCP element, at 15.9 s. I was measuring my page speed by how long it took to suggest the user complain about my page speed. There’s a lesson in there somewhere. The fix wasn’t to change the dialog. It was to make the app start sooner, so it paints before that text ever appears. What I changed Preload the app script. I added <link rel="preload" as="script"> in <head> for main.min.js and errorHandler.min.js. The <script> tags stay where they were, so execution order doesn’t change. The browser just starts fetching them before any image. This one line did more than anything else on this list. It’s a little humbling. Turn the three dialog GIFs into MP4s. Three animated GIFs: an arrow pushing pictures into a tablet (927 KB), a dancing rainbow pencil (650 KB) and a paper plane (305 KB). That’s 1.9 MB of decoration in dialogs most visitors never open on their first visit. I re-encoded them with ffmpeg: H.264 High profile, -preset veryslow -crf 20, yuv420p, +faststart, constant frame rate taken from each GIF’s frame delay. The commands are committed as scripts/gif-to-mp4.sh. The result is 130 KB in total, with SSIM between 0.988 and 0.993 against the originals. The pencil needed tpad=stop_mode=clone:stop_duration=0.2, because ffmpeg’s GIF reader drops the final 250 ms hold and the dance lost its big finish. The new <video autoplay loop muted playsinline> tags render at exactly the same size and class as the old <img> tags. Alt text moved to aria-label. Locked colouring thumbnails were full-size PNGs. In the colouring page picker, locked pages used the full-size colouring PNG as their background image, inlined into the HTML. That came to about 1.3 MB on every first visit, to draw thumbnails in a dialog that was closed. They now use the small image, set when the picker opens, like the unlocked ones always did. Sticker thumbnails wait their turn. I tried loading="lazy" first. It didn’t help: Chrome fetched the images before the stylesheet that hides the dialogs had arrived, so as far as it knew they were visible. Sticker thumbnails and the media library’s YouTube thumbnail now use data-deferred-src. They load 3 seconds after the load event, or as soon as their dialog opens, whichever comes first. The service worker preload starts after load. The offline preload queue (about 2 MB of colouring pages and stickers) used to start while the page was still loading and compete with it. Now it starts after the load event. Same files, same offline result, no fighting for bandwidth. Analytics is async. Nothing waited for it, so nothing needed to block on it. Cache headers. /images/*: max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800. It had been max-age=0, so every image was re-checked on every visit. Versioned /js, /css and /addToHomescreen files are immutable for a year in production. Offline still has to work Offline support is a core feature, so “just don’t download it” was never an option. Some of the changes above put it at risk, and a couple of things turned up along the way: Safari plays video from byte ranges. Safari requests video with Range: bytes=.... Answer that with a full cached response and the video won’t play. The service worker now answers Range requests from its cache with a proper 206 Partial Content slice (lib/util/rangeResponse.ts, with unit tests). First-visit gap: on a first visit the service worker isn’t controlling the page yet, so dialog images only reached the offline cache on the second online visit. The page’s own dialog images and videos now go to the front of the offline preload queue on the first visit. I nearly downloaded my whole site, 12 times over. The service worker cached every <link href> it found in the page. The new SEO work had just added canonical and hreflang <link>s pointing at all 12 localized homepages. So every new visitor would have downloaded about 12 extra homepages, in languages they don’t speak, “for offline use”. I caught it before production. The service worker now skips rel=canonical and rel=alternate. Safari stopped the service worker mid-download. The old preload queue ran on timers after the request had been answered. Safari considers an idle service worker fair game, so it stopped it after the first few images. The page now sends images in batches of 10, and the service worker caches each batch before it replies. A page lock-up I’d never noticed. resizeDialog added a new “image loaded” listener every time the window resized. With lots of images loading at once, the listeners multiplied until the page locked up. It now attaches one listener per image, which, in hindsight, is how many it needed. Part 3: The blog Blog index cards used the full 1920 px screenshots as covers, up to 500 KB each, in a box about 200 px wide. Each card was a little billboard, shrunk down by the browser on every visit. Covers now go through next/image with sizes that match the actual card widths, so the browser gets a resized WebP. The first few cards get priority. The rest load lazily. The first sizes hint was too small at some widths and made covers blurry. It now matches the real card widths, up to about 630 px between 769 px and 1028 px wide. Post pages: The cover image gets fetchpriority="high", and images further down the post load lazily. Five images were recompressed in place, keeping the same filenames and dimensions. The PNGs came out about 4× smaller and the JPEGs about 40% smaller. I deleted a 1.1 MB cover.png that nothing referenced. All 12 translations of that post used cover.jpg. The PNG had just been sitting in public/ taking up space. Results on the slow 4G profile: /blog LCP went from 13.3 s to 1.8 s. A typical post went from 3.9 s to 1.7 s. The gallery didn’t get faster, on purpose. It got a 5-minute edge cache and a cached Firestore image count, which fixed its slow server responses. I decided not to change its 20 full-size PNG thumbnails, so its lab LCP barely moved (8.4 s to 8.6 s). That’s a choice, and the chart owns it. Part 4: Lighthouse homework After the speed work went live I ran Lighthouse on the production homepage (mobile) and cleaned up what it flagged. Performance stayed in the low 70s, so I have some more work to do, but it’s moved nicely in the right direction. Part 5: Telling the search engines Fixing the site is half the job. The other half is getting crawlers to come back and notice. Google Search Console: Resubmitted the www sitemap. Clicked “Validate fix” on “Duplicate without user-selected canonical” and on the redirect errors. Requested indexing for the main language homepages and the top blog posts. The quota is about 10 a day, so it’ll take a few days. Wrote down a baseline from the Performance report, so in 4 to 8 weeks I can tell whether any of this worked. Bing Webmaster Tools: Submitted all 204 sitemap URLs through URL Submission. The daily quota is 10,000, so no trickle-feeding needed. Bing’s index also feeds DuckDuckGo and several AI search tools, so it’s cheap extra reach. Most of Bing’s “SEO recommendations” pointed at old ?v= URLs and old titles. They’ll clear as Bing recrawls. What I’m not watching: the Lighthouse score. Google ranks on real-user Chrome data (the Chrome UX Report): a rolling 28-day window, judged at the 75th percentile. So the honest answer to “did it work?” is “ask me in a month”. How I kept from breaking things The app has hundreds of unit and integration tests, all of which still pass (even though they do take over 30 minutes to run). I also manually regression tested all the riskiest changes. Hopefully I don’t make things worse before they get better… Lessons, mostly at my own expense Read your own sitemap. Actually open it and click a URL. Mine had been quietly redirecting for who knows how long. <link rel="preload"> for the script that boots your app is the cheapest big win there is. Browsers fetch resources in the order they find them. If your app script is at the bottom of a 358 KB document full of images, it really is last in line. Check what your LCP element actually is before you try to make it faster. Mine was a “Contact support” link. GIF is an image format from 1987 that I was using as a video format. A real video codec beats it by an order of magnitude at the same quality. try/catch doesn’t catch promise rejections. I knew that. My code didn’t. Every <link> you add to <head> is something your service worker might decide to download. Speed scores are for diagnosis. Rankings come from real users. Fix what the lab finds, then wait for the field data. Epilogue You’re still here? Wow. Cool. After all this, I’m hoping that users notice nothing other than quicker app start times. I’m looking forward to keeping an eye on traffic and retention in the coming weeks. Wish me luck!

4 hours ago • 1 votes
My new digital home

It's time for a dev blogger's favorite topic: blogging about my new blogging setup. After migrating my blog from Hexo to Eleventy, building a photography website and creating a personal one-pager, it was time to find a new digital home for all my projects. If you notice any issue after the migration, please let me know. I redirect the RSS feed to the new domain, but you might want to update the feed URL in your reader. Motivation I've been maintaining three different websites under two different names: a mostly developer-oriented blog, a photography portfolio and a one-pager gluing everything together. When I started blogging about my sabbatical journey, I was thinking about making yet another page to create a clear separation. I've decided to do the opposite and merge all my websites into one instead. As I further reduce my dependency on social media and third-party services, it has become even more important to have my own space and practice POSSE. Every decision I've made was driven by two main goals: simplicity and personality. Setup I've stopped chasing the latest and greatest. I want to keep the setup as clean as possible, which means pulling fewer dependencies. Every package adds complexity and maintainability costs, so I've only added what was necessary — no more Gulp, Sass or Tailwind. Instead of taking one of my existing websites as a starting point, I created this project from scratch. I reused some of my previous code, but I didn't want to take over any technical debt (especially with the advancements in CSS). The foundation of this website hasn't changed: Eleventy (Build Awesome). It covers the fundamentals of a static site and offers a great level of customization. I've made my project more and less dependent on Eleventy at the same time: I replaced Gulp as my build pipeline with pure Eleventy processing. I replaced most shortcodes with Markdown alternatives (and markdown-it plugins), which are better supported by editors like Obsidian. I've also replaced the Nunjucks template engine with Liquid, which comes with a few trade-offs. The main reason was to avoid creating a new collection for every set of posts I render. With Liquid, you can apply array functions like filtering or sorting in the template itself: {% assign drafts = collections.all | where: "data.isDraft" | reverse %} {% for draft in drafts %} … {% endfor %} Another advantage is having date formatting included, so I don't need another library or custom code. You can even set a default date format, so you don't have to provide it each time. What I don't like is the verbosity of the template language, although I've gotten used to it by now. Nunjucks: {{ "/tags/" + tag + "/" }} {{ modified or created or date }} {% set perspectives = ["dev", "photography", "life"] %} Liquid: {{ "/tags/" | append: tag | append: "/" }} {{ modified | default: created | default: date }} {% assign perspectives = "dev, photography, life" | split: ", " %} After migrating my existing content, I've noticed the build taking way too long, both in the dev server and the production build. I've found out that the Eleventy template cache is turned off for Liquid by default. This was useful during development, but when updating actual content, it caused every template and partial to be constantly recalculated. After turning the cache on, this issue was resolved: eleventyConfig.setLiquidOptions({ cache: true }); Check the colophon for the full tech stack overview. Perspectives The main challenge was finding a way to separate and present my main personas. The Venn diagram intersection of people interested in software development, photography and my personal life is probably small. I could use tags, but they don't offer the level of personalization I was looking for. Most personal blogs separate the content by post type (blog post, note, photo), but this doesn't fit my use case. Instead, I've decided to structure my website around three perspectives, a term I have borrowed from the Eclipse IDE. Each perspective comes with its own avatar, tagline and bio. If someone is interested in everything I share (hi Mom!), they can still view all my posts. Design Since building my photography website, I've made many changes, but I never got around to share an update. The biggest change was the design, which I have used as a blueprint for the new website. I've decided to mimic a social timeline/feed, which most people are familiar with. At the same time, it should be clear that it's a personal website and not yet another walled garden. Typography is an important part of every design. The first step is to choose between a system font stack and a custom font, which comes with the usual performance vs. personality trade-offs. I've decided to go with a uniform look across all devices. I've settled on Source Sans 3 for copy text and Hack for code. Another big change was introducing a sidebar. I always felt like the empty horizontal space was "wasted" on a desktop device, but getting the sidebar UX right is challenging. I'm happy with the result, especially with the last two panels adding a personal touch to the design. Images I've made several changes to the handling of image files. To make them compatible with Markdown editors, I had to replace my custom picture shortcode. The official Eleventy image plugin is a popular choice, but it violates my simplicity goal and doesn't support everything I needed. I've decided to go with a plain Markdown image markup and a single image file (no format fallback or 2x version for retina displays). Additionally, I wrote a markdown-it plugin to turn the optional title parameter into a caption. As for the file format, both WebP and AVIF have excellent browser support. For each image, I select the format based on the quality and file size. For my photos, I'm using WebP for the timeline thumbnails and JPG for the full-size version. Theme picker There have been some recent discussions about dark mode toggles, and I considered going for a light/dark solution based on the user's OS preference. Driven by the personality goal, I knew I had to add at least one more theme, so a proper theme picker was necessary. Similar to navigation, people like to hide the theme selection on mobile devices behind a burger menu or a dropdown. I prefer the solution by Sarah L. Fossheim, where all available themes are displayed above the page footer. A friend was scrolling through my new website, and their first question was "Why is the theme picker in the footer?". This tells me the solution was a good idea — I don't think he would have noticed a typical theme button in the header. The implementation follows standard practices: Use the light or dark theme as default based on the user's OS or browser preference. Store a selected theme in the local storage and use it as the single source of truth. Prevent a flash of inaccurate color theme. Make the theme play nicely with bfcache. I might have slightly gone overboard with my third theme, but the nostalgia kept me adding more and more features. Enjoy going back to the 90s: Feeds As browser vendors decided to remove XSLT support, I didn't bother to style my feed. Instead, I've created a new web feeds page, listing all available feeds and a short explanation. I provide one feed for every perspective and one with all my posts combined. I once offered tag-based RSS feeds. This was useful for my sabbatical, but even there I had only a single subscriber. Now, all tag feeds redirect to their main perspective feed. I've also dropped the JSON feed, despite having at least 16 subscribers. Given that every web feed reader supports Atom feeds, I don't see the value of providing a JSON alternative. A JSON feed doesn't add much complexity, but handling different media types (post, photo) and properly escaping the content is one more thing to implement and maintain. Quality assurance I've put a lot of effort into my new digital home, and I want to make sure it stays in good shape. I've included several tools, most running automatically as part of the CI pipeline: eleventyDataSchema — lint Eleventy data values like titles or dates markdownlint — format/lint Markdown files Vale — lint content (grammar, writing style, formatting) Lychee — find broken links (internal and external) Evaluatory — check accessibility and validate HTML Oxlint — lint JavaScript files Eleventy linters are another option to analyze a template's output, but I haven't found a use case for it yet. Not everything can be automated, so I also did the following manually: Test with Chrome, Firefox and Safari Test with Polypane Test with Google Lighthouse Test with a screen reader Test with JavaScript disabled Test with CSS disabled Test at 200% zoom Test with a bigger browser font size Test with custom fonts disabled Test with delayed assets Performance It's difficult to compare the performance of two separate websites with that of a combined one. Some parts got worse, e.g. bigger font files and more CSS. At the same time, I've noticed that gzip compression was turned off for anything but HTML for a few years now (I must have missed it when upgrading nginx) 🙈. One improvement was to implement on-demand assets. For example, the lite-youtube-embed CSS and JavaScript is only loaded if a <lite-youtube> element is present on the page. As before, JavaScript is fully optional (except for interactive demos in individual posts). I've been using a mix of <noscript> and CSS to hide elements that require JS (like the theme picker). I don't like the user experience of pagination, so I avoided it for years. But now that I have almost 300 posts, I've decided to finally add it. I display 30 posts per page, with images further down still being lazy-loaded for better performance. I haven't applied pagination to tag pages, as that's more complex with Eleventy. Bits and pieces Here are some other noteworthy changes: I've removed post-specific social share images and use a single WebP Open Graph image instead. I've dropped JSON-LD. Open Graph and microformats are sufficient. "Naming is hard" is a common expression in software development, but it also applies to photograph titles. I've decided to use a counter as the title, e.g. #0100. Sometimes I do come up with a title that I love, like the Castle in the Sky, so I might mention it in the description. On a photo page, you can now open the previous/next photo using the left/right arrow keys (in addition to the existing navigation buttons). It's now possible to filter photos by date, gear, or location. Check the explore page for an overview. I've learned about and used some experimental CSS features (with progressive enhancement), like scroll-triggered animations or squircle corners. I've added an AI statement on my LLM usage. I finally have a proper about page. Cool URIs don't change, but it's inevitable when moving to a new domain. All my previous URLs are redirected, except for some assets that are no longer used. I will keep the old domain, so the redirects will continue to work for a foreseeable future. I've kept my previous Easter egg and added a few more. Have a happy hunt! 🕵️‍♂️ Inspiration I visited hundreds of personal websites looking for inspiration. Here are a few that I kept coming back to: Emma Goto. I love Emma's approach to presenting the variety of her interests, even though I went a different route. Brennan Kenneth Brown. This website has so much to offer. It's a great example of what the open web looks like. Rex Barrett. The sentence "Collecting hobbies is my hobby." hit home — so much that I had to steal borrow it for my short life bio. Conclusion This project was mostly about merging the content of two websites into one. I knew this would take a considerable amount of time, but I still greatly underestimated the effort. In the end, it was all about the journey, not the destination. I loved fine-tuning the design and tweaking little details that probably no one will ever notice. I still have many more ideas left in my backlog. How do you like my new digital home? If you have an opinion, let me know! Reply via email

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