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Flushing DNS cache on macOS

from A Beautiful Site [alt+shift+b] in programming

Here's the best way to flush DNS cache on macOS: sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; say cache flushed Notice that last part — that's why this is the best method. You get an audible "cache flushed" almost instantaneously, and the whole process becomes that much more satisfying. Another fun variation: sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; say booyah! Have at it. It may be silly, but it's the little things in life. Now, go flush that DNS!
2nd Mar 2016

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More from A Beautiful Site

Most Software Was Already Slop

As software engineers, we take pride in hand-written code and knowing how everything we build works in detail. While there are many developers out there who build good software, there are many, many more who don’t. Yet we balk at the idea of vibe coding, even when it yields decent results. You don’t need a scientific study to realize the mean quality of human-authored software leaned towards slop even before AI was around. How many times have you been frustrated by an app or website that just didn’t work right? (This is especially true for software produced by big companies.) The quality of software humans can build is absolutely incredible. But the quality of software humans actually do build is usually not. So no, AI can’t build perfect software. Maybe that will improve in the future, or maybe it will remain just as messy as the human-authored code LLMs have been trained on. I don’t think any of that matters, because if AI can build software that’s at least as good as the mediocre code that came before it, that will be acceptable for most industries. Customers don’t care about the craft, they care about the result. And if the result is faster, cheaper, and good enough…well, that’s a better combination than anything they’ve ever had before. Why wouldn't they choose it?

4th Sep 2026 • 2 votes
I'm pulling ColorCopy from the macOS App Store

I launched ColorCopy on May 18. It was my second macOS app, but the first one I launched on the Mac App Store. Today, I decided to pull it. The app isn't a new idea, but it bakes four color tools into a single menu bar app: an eyedropper, a color picker, a palette manager, and a contrast checker, each one a hotkey away. I made it available for free, with a one-time in-app purchase to unlock unlimited use. No subscription, no recurring fees. It's simple, stable software with the lowest possible barrier to entry…exactly the kind of utility the App Store seems made for. I wasn't sure what to expect, so I ran an experiment to answer some questions: Is there any real benefit to having your Mac app on the App Store? Is the Apple tax worth it? Will customers just come flooding in? For ColorCopy's release, I did zero marketing. No Product Hunt launch. No Hacker News post. The only things I published were this blog post and a tweet. If the App Store delivers on its promise of discoverability, that should be enough to see some kind of traffic…right? You be the judge. In nearly three months on the App Store, ColorCopy got a little over 1,000 impressions, 149 product page views, 85 first-time downloads, three in-app purchases, and $21 in proceeds. Not per day. In total. Broken down over 81 days, that averages out to: 13 impressions per day 1.8 product page views per day 1 download per day 0.04 in-app purchases per day (about one per month) $0.26 in proceeds per day Extrapolated to 12 months, ColorCopy would have earned about $95…not even enough to cover Apple's $99 annual developer fee. If discoverability isn't a part of the App Store deal, what exactly is the benefit? Why limit your Mac app to the sandbox?* Why spend hours in App Store Connect filling out metadata, screenshots, and localization information? Why wait an arbitrary number of days for someone to review your app with the consistency of a coin flip? It doesn't seem worth it for Mac developers. Adios, App Store 👋 As of today, ColorCopy is self-distributed and sold through Polar (the new Stripe, which I highly recommend). This is the same way I sell TongueType, which makes pretty much everything easier on my end: one dashboard, real customer relationships, no finicky review process, and updates ship the moment they're ready. The move required swapping out in-app purchases from StoreKit to Polar, and updates now ship through Sparkle instead of the App Store's built-in update mechanism. Both are tried and true solutions for self-distributed Mac apps. To be fair, you can't really do this on iOS. Most users aren't jailbroken…walled garden and all. But on Mac, where self-distribution is still a first-class option, there seems to be zero incentive to be in the App Store, especially if you're counting on discoverability. In three months, the App Store sent me barely a trickle of customers. Had I marketed the app myself, the traffic would have flowed the other way. I would've been sending my customers to Apple and paying a tax for the privilege.** Self-distribution gives me the freedom and control over my apps that the App Store's sandbox never will. If it's on me to drum up all of my own traffic, I'm going to send it to my own website. *I originally used a third-party library for the eye dropper because NSColorSampler is meh, but the sandbox forbids it so I was forced to remove it. Yes, I had to make my app shittier in order to put it on the App Store. **I fully acknowledge this may not be the case for every app, but it was my experience and worth sharing. Your mileage may vary. Aside: ColorCopy was available in 10 languages on the App Store. For some reason, the listing always showed FR as its primary language (it wasn't). The app is available in many languages, including English.

7th Aug 2026 • 1 votes
I Mostly Stopped Typing

I built the dictation app I wanted. It's called TongueType, and my daughter did the voice over for the video. (Family business.) It hasn't gotten much traction yet, and I think I know why: dictation has been bad for so long that most people stopped paying attention. I don't blame them. But I don't think most people realize how good local models have gotten. The thing that was flaky and frustrating five years ago is genuinely good now, and it runs entirely on your Mac. Downloads are low. But the conversion rate is great. The people who actually try it tend to stick around, which tells me the problem isn't the app, it's getting someone to give dictation one more honest chance. The real hurdle is the habit The hard part isn't accuracy. It's that talking instead of typing is a new habit, and new habits are awkward before they're automatic. For the first week it feels strange. You catch yourself reaching for the keyboard out of muscle memory. Then one day it clicks, and you realize how slow typing was making you for certain things. I still write code by hand. That's thinking, not transcribing, and I want my fingers on it (plus saying HTML tags and attributes out loud seems counterintuitive 😂). But for almost everything else, I talk. I prompt LLMs I send emails I reply on Slack I write commit messages I do most other text with my voice The common thread is that the thinking is already done and the only thing left is getting the words out. That turns out to be a surprising amount of my day. My desk setup On the go, the MacBook's built-in mic works just fine. You don't need fancy hardware to get good results. But when I'm at my desk, my laptop is docked, so I pair TongueType with a Tula mic. It's small, portable, sounds great, and looks the part! (Kuru Toga mechanical pencil positioned for size comparison.) One tip: use a wired mic if you can. Bluetooth adds latency, and latency is the enemy of a tool you reach for dozens of times a day. A wired connection makes the whole thing feel instant. Honest caveat: it's probably not a great look in a co-working space. 😂 "Why is this better than macOS dictation?" More accurate. Less flaky. More customizable. More fun. I could list the features, but the honest answer is the same one I'd give for most things: just try it and you'll feel the difference immediately. It's free to start. What's your experience been with dictation? If you wrote it off years ago, I'd genuinely love for you to give TongueType a shot and tell me what you think.

25th Jun 2026 • 1 votes
Introducing TongueType

I just launched my first macOS app called TongueType. It's voice dictation that runs entirely on your Mac. Hold a key, speak, release, and your words appear wherever your cursor happens to be. I build small, simple, stable software. TongueType fits that description, and it scratches an itch I've had for a while. Why I made it I type fast, but I often think faster than I type. When an idea is fully formed in my head, the bottleneck is my fingers. macOS has had built-in dictation forever, but I never liked relying on it. Accuracy aside, I didn't love the idea of my voice taking a trip to a server and back just to write a sentence. There are many dictation apps in the wild, but I want one that's privacy focused, doesn't send data to the cloud, doesn't charge a monthly subscription, and gets out of the way. TongueType uses OpenAI's Whisper model running locally on Apple Silicon. Nothing is uploaded. Nothing is logged. There's no account to create. Zero telemetry. Your voice never leaves your Mac. How it works The whole interaction is one key. By default it's the Right Option key, because it's sitting right there and your thumb isn't doing anything important. Hold it, talk, let go. The transcribed text is inserted at your cursor…in your editor, your email, a chat box, a search field, anywhere text goes. You can also drop in an audio or video file — WAV, MP3, MP4, MOV — and get a transcript back. Handy for meeting recordings and voice memos. A few things I sweated the details on: A grace period so a quick accidental tap doesn't start recording. Double-tap to latch for when you want to keep talking without holding the key down. Cancel phrases — say "scratch that" at the end and the whole thing gets discarded. You will use this more than you expect. Spoken symbols — say "new line" or "question mark" and you get the symbol, not the words. Post-processing — for common terms that seldom get dictated properly. TongueType speaks twelve languages and includes automatic detection, so you don't have to tell it which one you're using. How I actually use it Building the app was one thing. Using it every day turned out to be another. A couple months in, it's quietly worked its way into most of what I do at the keyboard: Prompting LLMs. Talking to an AI assistant is conversational by nature, and typing out a long, detailed prompt is tedious. Speaking it isn't. I get more context into a prompt because I'm not rationing my words to save my fingers. Email. Replies that used to sit in my drafts now get spoken out in a single pass. I still read them before sending, but the blank-page friction is gone. Code comments and commit messages. The parts of coding that are just writing. It's faster to explain why a change exists out loud than to stop and type it. Direct messages. Quick replies in chat without breaking flow. Hold the key, say it, done. The common thread: TongueType is best wherever the thinking is already done and the only thing left is getting words out. That's a surprising amount of my work day. A fun personality TongueType is minimal and fun. It lives in the menu bar. The recording overlay is small and out of the way, and you can configure its position on screen. There are twenty accent colors including Rainbow Mode. None of these extras were necessary, but all of it was fun to build. Accessibility I want to call this out specifically. Voice dictation isn't only a convenience. For some people it's the difference between using a computer comfortably or not. If typing is painful or difficult for you, TongueType is built to be a genuine alternate input method, not an afterthought. That mattered to me, and it shaped a lot of the decisions above. Pricing TongueType is free to try, and the free tier includes every feature. You get 30 minutes of live dictation each month and short file transcriptions. If you want unlimited, TongueType Pro is a one-time $19.99 purchase that covers up to five Macs and unlocks unlimited dictation and full-length file transcription. No subscription. Buy it once, keep it forever. Requirements TongueType needs macOS 14 or later on an Apple Silicon Mac (M1 or newer). The local model is the whole point, and that's what makes it run so well. If any of this sounds useful, give it a try at TongueType.app. It's free to start, and I'd genuinely like to hear what you think.

14th May 2026 • 1 votes
My Stance on AI in Software Development

I believe artificial intelligence is a powerful and valuable tool that can significantly improve how we create, solve problems, and bring ideas to life. I didn't always feel this way.. But these days, I use AI regularly in my work and I expect that to continue. We may not have chosen this reality, but it's the reality we're in. The tools and their benefits — costs be damned — can no longer be ignored. That said, when people ask "was this made with AI?" the honest answer is rarely simple. AI can speed up many parts of the process, but it doesn’t replace human judgment, creativity, or responsibility. What appears effortless on the surface rests on deliberate human direction, critical thinking, and careful review. Getting good results from AI requires active guidance and oversight. The nuances of context, ethics, user needs, and real-world application are simply too varied given the current technology. Moreover, AI doesn’t generate meaningful ideas or elegant solutions on its own. Strong human vision, architecture, and decision-making are still essential. There is no prompt, model, or service that can deliver finished, trustworthy work without substantial human input. My commitment to you is this: everything I create will be driven by human ideas, architecture, verification, and final review. I will use AI as an assistant to do what I would have done anyway, but more efficiently. I will not let AI replace my intelligence, but I will use it to turn my intelligence into code faster. — Cory LaViska

20th Apr 2026 • 1 votes

More in programming

TokyoDev Welcomes Its Head of Operations

TokyoDev has grown substantially over the past few years. We’ve expanded our community, dramatically increased the scope and frequency of our events, and have curated a library of articles for international developers. Despite all that, the way we run the business hasn’t changed much. I’ve continued to coordinate most of these activities myself, making the final decisions and keeping everything connected. In short, TokyoDev cannot run without my daily input. That approach worked well when TokyoDev was smaller, but it’s increasingly limiting how much we can accomplish. To help the business grow further, I wanted to find someone to take over some of my responsibilities and bring a fresh perspective. This is a significant step for me personally, as while I have worked with many contractors over the years, I have never actually hired a regular employee. Most importantly, I wanted to ensure that this person was someone I could trust to understand what TokyoDev stands for, and to make decisions in line with our philosophy. So I’m happy to announce that Scott Rothrock is joining TokyoDev full time as our Head of Operations. About Scott Scott has lived in Japan for nearly 20 years and has worked as a software engineer in multiple industries and environments, including small Japanese-owned businesses, overseas employers, and international companies based in Japan. Until the end of October 2026, he was the head of the Japan Markets team at Kraken Technologies, where he led an international team of software engineers in delivering complicated, regulated products on strict timelines for Japanese electricity and gas retailers, while also ensuring compliance with evolving organizational and global standards. He’s made a name for himself both inside and outside Japan as a kind, effective mentor who can cultivate great engineers and leaders. Scott’s previous role in TokyoDev Some of you may already know Scott in another capacity, as he has been involved with TokyoDev since 2022. He began as a community volunteer and later became our community manager, which also included responsibilities such as managing our article pipeline from submission to publishing. When I created TokyoDev’s Discord, I had no previous experience running an online community. Scott joined soon after I started and began helping other members, stepping in when people behaved inappropriately, and configuring our roles and permissions and safety features. I was impressed by his initiative and asked him to become an official moderator in January 2023. Outside of his role as a moderator, Scott has always pushed TokyoDev to grow; for example, he arranged internet events such as livestreamed AMAs and interviews. He organized TokyoDev’s first meetup as a volunteer in February 2023, which taught me that there was interest in TokyoDev events outside of the internet. By the end of 2023, I had brought him on as our part-time community manager. What I saw throughout his tenure was that Scott continued to take initiative in expanding TokyoDev. Scott was one of our first external contributors, writing about his experience living with a disability in Japan. He encouraged me to expand and refine both our editing and submission processes so that we could reach out to even more contributors and platform their perspectives. The editorial team now consists of him and Rebecca Callahan, and they’ve had a hand in every article that TokyoDev has published. In other words, since 2022, Scott has shown that he cares about TokyoDev as much as I do. He is invested in what we do and why we do it, and shares my vision for what TokyoDev can become. What changes now Scott’s experiences as an engineer, a mentor, and a leader make me confident that, as our Head of Operations, he will continue to help TokyoDev mature. A big part of what has made TokyoDev successful is that I see the software developers who use our site as my peers and genuinely want to help them. Scott shares that perspective, and will join me in ensuring that TokyoDev remains true to its principles while we grow. So what changes in the short term? Nothing dramatic. I will teach Scott about managing TokyoDev as a business, and he will document our processes and products as a part of that learning. He will also look for areas of improvement while ensuring that we remain compliant with regulations and labor law. Over time, I will hand over some other responsibilities. I will continue to run TokyoDev, but TokyoDev will become less dependent on me for its day-to-day operations. Long term, I’m excited about what this will enable us to do. TokyoDev has always been about helping international software developers build successful careers in Japan, and bringing Scott on full time puts us in a much better position to continue doing that. We look forward to writing the next chapter of TokyoDev together.

14 hours ago • 1 votes
Speeding up Kidz Fun Art & making Google love it

Kidz Fun Art is a drawing, colouring and animation app for kids that I’ve been building since 2021. It runs in the browser also as a simple wrapper app on iOS, iPadOS and Windows. It wasn’t getting a great click through rate on Google, even for people who directly searched for it. So, for two days I took a hard look at how fast it loads and how search engines see it. It wasn’t flattering. This post covers what I found, what I changed and what the graphs say now. Short version: on a simulated slow phone, the homepage’s Largest Contentful Paint got about 2.6× faster (15.9 s to 6.1 s) and its first load is about 82% smaller (4.2 MB to 0.75 MB). I also fixed a set of SEO mistakes that are, frankly, embarrassing to write down. I’ll write them down anyway. Part 1: Google had no idea what the site was for I started by reading 16 months of Google Search Console data. 9,380 clicks in total. About 9,200 came from people who had typed “kidz fun art” or a close spelling. People searching for what the app actually does (“coloring app for kids”, “ai art for kids”, “make a comic book”) sent the site 164 clicks. In 16 months. Total. When there was a relevant page, Google ranked it well. The site was #1 for things like “drawing app for kids ipad” and a German query that means “paint by numbers app without ads”. There just weren’t many relevant pages. Then I looked at the code, and the cause was obvious. The homepage <title> was “Kidz Fun Art” in all 12 languages. That’s a fine name, and a terrible title. It tells a search engine nothing. The homepage’s first <h1> was the pricing table’s “Choose your experience”. I was, in effect, telling Google that the most important thing on my homepage was the checkout. Every blog post had the same meta description: a generic line about “news, updates, tips”. Each post’s front matter already had a perfectly good excerpt field that nobody read. Blog posts had two <h1>s: the site header and the post title. There was no structured data at all. The sitemap that redirected every single URL This one stings. The sitemap is the one file whose whole job is to say “here are my URLs, please index them”. Mine listed 17 URLs, and every one of them redirected. The sitemap build used an environment variable that resolved to kidzfun.art. The site lives on www.kidzfun.art, so every URL got a 308. Only the English blog posts were listed. The other 11 languages appeared only as hreflang alternates, which pointed at redirecting URLs too. There were no <link rel="canonical"> tags on any page and no hreflang in the page <head>. Google was left to guess which URL was the real one, and it guessed wrong a lot. What I changed: The sitemap is now built on https://www.kidzfun.art, with 204 URLs: every home page, blog index, blog post, About page and gallery page, in all 12 languages. Each one lists all of its language alternates plus an x-default. A shared SeoLinks component adds an absolute canonical (www, no query string) and the full hreflang set to every public page. The ?v= cache-busting URLs that had been showing up as duplicates now canonicalise to the clean URL. /xx/blog/yy/... URLs, which returned a 500 in production (oops), now 308 to /blog/yy/.... Login, account, debug, export and embed pages send X-Robots-Tag: noindex, follow from next.config.js, so they stop using up crawl budget. robots.txt now mentions the sitemap. Novel idea. Why Google skipped half the site Search Console’s Pages report had 93 of 174 known pages not indexed. Every reason on that list traces back to the mistakes above: “Page with redirect” (22): that sitemap, plus internal links to the non-www host. “Duplicate without user-selected canonical” (18): I hadn’t selected any canonicals. Fair cop. “Crawled, currently not indexed” (39): mostly translated posts that Google reached through redirecting URLs, plus thin pages like /login. “Discovered, currently not indexed” (12): Google found these and decided they weren’t worth a visit. With no sitemap entry and no hreflang, I hadn’t given it a reason to. On-page fixes Titles and descriptions: Each blog post got its own seoTitle and description, in all 12 languages. The meta description now comes from the post’s excerpt, which is what that field was for all along. The About pages take their title and description from their own localized Markdown. They had been sharing an English title and a generic description. One <h1> per page: A # heading inside a post’s Markdown now renders as an <h2>, so the post title is the only <h1>. The About page opts back in with a keepH1 prop. Its Markdown heading is the page title. This fix arrived in two parts. The first part left the About page with zero <h1>s. I noticed, eventually. Structured data and social tags: JSON-LD for the home page (the app), blog posts (articles) and the embedded videos. Open Graph and X/Twitter tags on every public page, so shared links get a proper card. A real 404 for deleted gallery images: The AI gallery shows a friendly “AI Artwork Not Found” page when an image has been deleted. It used to return 200 OK, which Google calls a “soft 404” and dislikes. It now returns a 404 with noindex, and a 503 if the Firestore lookup itself fails, so a database hiccup tells crawlers “come back later” rather than “this is gone”. Part 2: Making the homepage fast The homepage is the app. It works offline, so every dialog (save, stickers, colouring pages, “get an adult”, “no wifi”) is server-rendered into the HTML up front. That’s a deliberate trade-off, and I kept it because I want new users to be able to immediately be able to start drawing as soon as they launch the app. What I hadn’t thought about was what it meant for the network. What the homepage downloaded before the app could start I measured the live site with a Lighthouse-style mobile profile: slow 4G (1.6 Mbps, 150 ms latency), 4× CPU slowdown, empty cache. First load: 4.5 MB over 198 requests. The homepage HTML alone was 358 KB, with about 77 <img> tags in hidden dialogs. The browser dutifully fetched every one of those images. The script that starts the app (main.min.js, 191 KB) sat at the very end of the document, so the browser found it last and gave it whatever bandwidth was left. The app script finished arriving at about 14 seconds. The CPU was not the problem. Every long task was under 300 ms. This was purely about bandwidth and request order. I had built a very polite queue and put my own app at the back of it. Watch the queue The waterfall is a simplified illustration. The milestone times (first paint, LCP, load) are measured: slow 4G + 4× CPU, local production build, median of 3 runs. My Largest Contentful Paint was the “Contact support” link The canvas doesn’t count toward LCP, and the toolbar buttons are small. So on a slow load the largest thing painted was… the loading dialog. The loading dialog fades in its “Taking a while? Contact support” text after 5 to 7.5 seconds. On a slow connection, that text became the page’s LCP element, at 15.9 s. I was measuring my page speed by how long it took to suggest the user complain about my page speed. There’s a lesson in there somewhere. The fix wasn’t to change the dialog. It was to make the app start sooner, so it paints before that text ever appears. What I changed Preload the app script. I added <link rel="preload" as="script"> in <head> for main.min.js and errorHandler.min.js. The <script> tags stay where they were, so execution order doesn’t change. The browser just starts fetching them before any image. This one line did more than anything else on this list. It’s a little humbling. Turn the three dialog GIFs into MP4s. Three animated GIFs: an arrow pushing pictures into a tablet (927 KB), a dancing rainbow pencil (650 KB) and a paper plane (305 KB). That’s 1.9 MB of decoration in dialogs most visitors never open on their first visit. I re-encoded them with ffmpeg: H.264 High profile, -preset veryslow -crf 20, yuv420p, +faststart, constant frame rate taken from each GIF’s frame delay. The commands are committed as scripts/gif-to-mp4.sh. The result is 130 KB in total, with SSIM between 0.988 and 0.993 against the originals. The pencil needed tpad=stop_mode=clone:stop_duration=0.2, because ffmpeg’s GIF reader drops the final 250 ms hold and the dance lost its big finish. The new <video autoplay loop muted playsinline> tags render at exactly the same size and class as the old <img> tags. Alt text moved to aria-label. Locked colouring thumbnails were full-size PNGs. In the colouring page picker, locked pages used the full-size colouring PNG as their background image, inlined into the HTML. That came to about 1.3 MB on every first visit, to draw thumbnails in a dialog that was closed. They now use the small image, set when the picker opens, like the unlocked ones always did. Sticker thumbnails wait their turn. I tried loading="lazy" first. It didn’t help: Chrome fetched the images before the stylesheet that hides the dialogs had arrived, so as far as it knew they were visible. Sticker thumbnails and the media library’s YouTube thumbnail now use data-deferred-src. They load 3 seconds after the load event, or as soon as their dialog opens, whichever comes first. The service worker preload starts after load. The offline preload queue (about 2 MB of colouring pages and stickers) used to start while the page was still loading and compete with it. Now it starts after the load event. Same files, same offline result, no fighting for bandwidth. Analytics is async. Nothing waited for it, so nothing needed to block on it. Cache headers. /images/*: max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800. It had been max-age=0, so every image was re-checked on every visit. Versioned /js, /css and /addToHomescreen files are immutable for a year in production. Offline still has to work Offline support is a core feature, so “just don’t download it” was never an option. Some of the changes above put it at risk, and a couple of things turned up along the way: Safari plays video from byte ranges. Safari requests video with Range: bytes=.... Answer that with a full cached response and the video won’t play. The service worker now answers Range requests from its cache with a proper 206 Partial Content slice (lib/util/rangeResponse.ts, with unit tests). First-visit gap: on a first visit the service worker isn’t controlling the page yet, so dialog images only reached the offline cache on the second online visit. The page’s own dialog images and videos now go to the front of the offline preload queue on the first visit. I nearly downloaded my whole site, 12 times over. The service worker cached every <link href> it found in the page. The new SEO work had just added canonical and hreflang <link>s pointing at all 12 localized homepages. So every new visitor would have downloaded about 12 extra homepages, in languages they don’t speak, “for offline use”. I caught it before production. The service worker now skips rel=canonical and rel=alternate. Safari stopped the service worker mid-download. The old preload queue ran on timers after the request had been answered. Safari considers an idle service worker fair game, so it stopped it after the first few images. The page now sends images in batches of 10, and the service worker caches each batch before it replies. A page lock-up I’d never noticed. resizeDialog added a new “image loaded” listener every time the window resized. With lots of images loading at once, the listeners multiplied until the page locked up. It now attaches one listener per image, which, in hindsight, is how many it needed. Part 3: The blog Blog index cards used the full 1920 px screenshots as covers, up to 500 KB each, in a box about 200 px wide. Each card was a little billboard, shrunk down by the browser on every visit. Covers now go through next/image with sizes that match the actual card widths, so the browser gets a resized WebP. The first few cards get priority. The rest load lazily. The first sizes hint was too small at some widths and made covers blurry. It now matches the real card widths, up to about 630 px between 769 px and 1028 px wide. Post pages: The cover image gets fetchpriority="high", and images further down the post load lazily. Five images were recompressed in place, keeping the same filenames and dimensions. The PNGs came out about 4× smaller and the JPEGs about 40% smaller. I deleted a 1.1 MB cover.png that nothing referenced. All 12 translations of that post used cover.jpg. The PNG had just been sitting in public/ taking up space. Results on the slow 4G profile: /blog LCP went from 13.3 s to 1.8 s. A typical post went from 3.9 s to 1.7 s. The gallery didn’t get faster, on purpose. It got a 5-minute edge cache and a cached Firestore image count, which fixed its slow server responses. I decided not to change its 20 full-size PNG thumbnails, so its lab LCP barely moved (8.4 s to 8.6 s). That’s a choice, and the chart owns it. Part 4: Lighthouse homework After the speed work went live I ran Lighthouse on the production homepage (mobile) and cleaned up what it flagged. Performance stayed in the low 70s, so I have some more work to do, but it’s moved nicely in the right direction. Part 5: Telling the search engines Fixing the site is half the job. The other half is getting crawlers to come back and notice. Google Search Console: Resubmitted the www sitemap. Clicked “Validate fix” on “Duplicate without user-selected canonical” and on the redirect errors. Requested indexing for the main language homepages and the top blog posts. The quota is about 10 a day, so it’ll take a few days. Wrote down a baseline from the Performance report, so in 4 to 8 weeks I can tell whether any of this worked. Bing Webmaster Tools: Submitted all 204 sitemap URLs through URL Submission. The daily quota is 10,000, so no trickle-feeding needed. Bing’s index also feeds DuckDuckGo and several AI search tools, so it’s cheap extra reach. Most of Bing’s “SEO recommendations” pointed at old ?v= URLs and old titles. They’ll clear as Bing recrawls. What I’m not watching: the Lighthouse score. Google ranks on real-user Chrome data (the Chrome UX Report): a rolling 28-day window, judged at the 75th percentile. So the honest answer to “did it work?” is “ask me in a month”. How I kept from breaking things The app has hundreds of unit and integration tests, all of which still pass (even though they do take over 30 minutes to run). I also manually regression tested all the riskiest changes. Hopefully I don’t make things worse before they get better… Lessons, mostly at my own expense Read your own sitemap. Actually open it and click a URL. Mine had been quietly redirecting for who knows how long. <link rel="preload"> for the script that boots your app is the cheapest big win there is. Browsers fetch resources in the order they find them. If your app script is at the bottom of a 358 KB document full of images, it really is last in line. Check what your LCP element actually is before you try to make it faster. Mine was a “Contact support” link. GIF is an image format from 1987 that I was using as a video format. A real video codec beats it by an order of magnitude at the same quality. try/catch doesn’t catch promise rejections. I knew that. My code didn’t. Every <link> you add to <head> is something your service worker might decide to download. Speed scores are for diagnosis. Rankings come from real users. Fix what the lab finds, then wait for the field data. Epilogue You’re still here? Wow. Cool. After all this, I’m hoping that users notice nothing other than quicker app start times. I’m looking forward to keeping an eye on traffic and retention in the coming weeks. Wish me luck!

15 hours ago • 1 votes
Why we're moving our warehouse off DuckDB

Five months ago, we rebuilt our warehouse on DuckDB instead of ClickHouse. We did it because a shared ClickHouse cluster couldn't handle hours-long…

16 hours ago • 1 votes
My new digital home

It's time for a dev blogger's favorite topic: blogging about my new blogging setup. After migrating my blog from Hexo to Eleventy, building a photography website and creating a personal one-pager, it was time to find a new digital home for all my projects. If you notice any issue after the migration, please let me know. I redirect the RSS feed to the new domain, but you might want to update the feed URL in your reader. Motivation I've been maintaining three different websites under two different names: a mostly developer-oriented blog, a photography portfolio and a one-pager gluing everything together. When I started blogging about my sabbatical journey, I was thinking about making yet another page to create a clear separation. I've decided to do the opposite and merge all my websites into one instead. As I further reduce my dependency on social media and third-party services, it has become even more important to have my own space and practice POSSE. Every decision I've made was driven by two main goals: simplicity and personality. Setup I've stopped chasing the latest and greatest. I want to keep the setup as clean as possible, which means pulling fewer dependencies. Every package adds complexity and maintainability costs, so I've only added what was necessary — no more Gulp, Sass or Tailwind. Instead of taking one of my existing websites as a starting point, I created this project from scratch. I reused some of my previous code, but I didn't want to take over any technical debt (especially with the advancements in CSS). The foundation of this website hasn't changed: Eleventy (Build Awesome). It covers the fundamentals of a static site and offers a great level of customization. I've made my project more and less dependent on Eleventy at the same time: I replaced Gulp as my build pipeline with pure Eleventy processing. I replaced most shortcodes with Markdown alternatives (and markdown-it plugins), which are better supported by editors like Obsidian. I've also replaced the Nunjucks template engine with Liquid, which comes with a few trade-offs. The main reason was to avoid creating a new collection for every set of posts I render. With Liquid, you can apply array functions like filtering or sorting in the template itself: {% assign drafts = collections.all | where: "data.isDraft" | reverse %} {% for draft in drafts %} … {% endfor %} Another advantage is having date formatting included, so I don't need another library or custom code. You can even set a default date format, so you don't have to provide it each time. What I don't like is the verbosity of the template language, although I've gotten used to it by now. Nunjucks: {{ "/tags/" + tag + "/" }} {{ modified or created or date }} {% set perspectives = ["dev", "photography", "life"] %} Liquid: {{ "/tags/" | append: tag | append: "/" }} {{ modified | default: created | default: date }} {% assign perspectives = "dev, photography, life" | split: ", " %} After migrating my existing content, I've noticed the build taking way too long, both in the dev server and the production build. I've found out that the Eleventy template cache is turned off for Liquid by default. This was useful during development, but when updating actual content, it caused every template and partial to be constantly recalculated. After turning the cache on, this issue was resolved: eleventyConfig.setLiquidOptions({ cache: true }); Check the colophon for the full tech stack overview. Perspectives The main challenge was finding a way to separate and present my main personas. The Venn diagram intersection of people interested in software development, photography and my personal life is probably small. I could use tags, but they don't offer the level of personalization I was looking for. Most personal blogs separate the content by post type (blog post, note, photo), but this doesn't fit my use case. Instead, I've decided to structure my website around three perspectives, a term I have borrowed from the Eclipse IDE. Each perspective comes with its own avatar, tagline and bio. If someone is interested in everything I share (hi Mom!), they can still view all my posts. Design Since building my photography website, I've made many changes, but I never got around to share an update. The biggest change was the design, which I have used as a blueprint for the new website. I've decided to mimic a social timeline/feed, which most people are familiar with. At the same time, it should be clear that it's a personal website and not yet another walled garden. Typography is an important part of every design. The first step is to choose between a system font stack and a custom font, which comes with the usual performance vs. personality trade-offs. I've decided to go with a uniform look across all devices. I've settled on Source Sans 3 for copy text and Hack for code. Another big change was introducing a sidebar. I always felt like the empty horizontal space was "wasted" on a desktop device, but getting the sidebar UX right is challenging. I'm happy with the result, especially with the last two panels adding a personal touch to the design. Images I've made several changes to the handling of image files. To make them compatible with Markdown editors, I had to replace my custom picture shortcode. The official Eleventy image plugin is a popular choice, but it violates my simplicity goal and doesn't support everything I needed. I've decided to go with a plain Markdown image markup and a single image file (no format fallback or 2x version for retina displays). Additionally, I wrote a markdown-it plugin to turn the optional title parameter into a caption. As for the file format, both WebP and AVIF have excellent browser support. For each image, I select the format based on the quality and file size. For my photos, I'm using WebP for the timeline thumbnails and JPG for the full-size version. Theme picker There have been some recent discussions about dark mode toggles, and I considered going for a light/dark solution based on the user's OS preference. Driven by the personality goal, I knew I had to add at least one more theme, so a proper theme picker was necessary. Similar to navigation, people like to hide the theme selection on mobile devices behind a burger menu or a dropdown. I prefer the solution by Sarah L. Fossheim, where all available themes are displayed above the page footer. A friend was scrolling through my new website, and their first question was "Why is the theme picker in the footer?". This tells me the solution was a good idea — I don't think he would have noticed a typical theme button in the header. The implementation follows standard practices: Use the light or dark theme as default based on the user's OS or browser preference. Store a selected theme in the local storage and use it as the single source of truth. Prevent a flash of inaccurate color theme. Make the theme play nicely with bfcache. I might have slightly gone overboard with my third theme, but the nostalgia kept me adding more and more features. Enjoy going back to the 90s: Feeds As browser vendors decided to remove XSLT support, I didn't bother to style my feed. Instead, I've created a new web feeds page, listing all available feeds and a short explanation. I provide one feed for every perspective and one with all my posts combined. I once offered tag-based RSS feeds. This was useful for my sabbatical, but even there I had only a single subscriber. Now, all tag feeds redirect to their main perspective feed. I've also dropped the JSON feed, despite having at least 16 subscribers. Given that every web feed reader supports Atom feeds, I don't see the value of providing a JSON alternative. A JSON feed doesn't add much complexity, but handling different media types (post, photo) and properly escaping the content is one more thing to implement and maintain. Quality assurance I've put a lot of effort into my new digital home, and I want to make sure it stays in good shape. I've included several tools, most running automatically as part of the CI pipeline: eleventyDataSchema — lint Eleventy data values like titles or dates markdownlint — format/lint Markdown files Vale — lint content (grammar, writing style, formatting) Lychee — find broken links (internal and external) Evaluatory — check accessibility and validate HTML Oxlint — lint JavaScript files Eleventy linters are another option to analyze a template's output, but I haven't found a use case for it yet. Not everything can be automated, so I also did the following manually: Test with Chrome, Firefox and Safari Test with Polypane Test with Google Lighthouse Test with a screen reader Test with JavaScript disabled Test with CSS disabled Test at 200% zoom Test with a bigger browser font size Test with custom fonts disabled Test with delayed assets Performance It's difficult to compare the performance of two separate websites with that of a combined one. Some parts got worse, e.g. bigger font files and more CSS. At the same time, I've noticed that gzip compression was turned off for anything but HTML for a few years now (I must have missed it when upgrading nginx) 🙈. One improvement was to implement on-demand assets. For example, the lite-youtube-embed CSS and JavaScript is only loaded if a <lite-youtube> element is present on the page. As before, JavaScript is fully optional (except for interactive demos in individual posts). I've been using a mix of <noscript> and CSS to hide elements that require JS (like the theme picker). I don't like the user experience of pagination, so I avoided it for years. But now that I have almost 300 posts, I've decided to finally add it. I display 30 posts per page, with images further down still being lazy-loaded for better performance. I haven't applied pagination to tag pages, as that's more complex with Eleventy. Bits and pieces Here are some other noteworthy changes: I've removed post-specific social share images and use a single WebP Open Graph image instead. I've dropped JSON-LD. Open Graph and microformats are sufficient. "Naming is hard" is a common expression in software development, but it also applies to photograph titles. I've decided to use a counter as the title, e.g. #0100. Sometimes I do come up with a title that I love, like the Castle in the Sky, so I might mention it in the description. On a photo page, you can now open the previous/next photo using the left/right arrow keys (in addition to the existing navigation buttons). It's now possible to filter photos by date, gear, or location. Check the explore page for an overview. I've learned about and used some experimental CSS features (with progressive enhancement), like scroll-triggered animations or squircle corners. I've added an AI statement on my LLM usage. I finally have a proper about page. Cool URIs don't change, but it's inevitable when moving to a new domain. All my previous URLs are redirected, except for some assets that are no longer used. I will keep the old domain, so the redirects will continue to work for a foreseeable future. I've kept my previous Easter egg and added a few more. Have a happy hunt! 🕵️‍♂️ Inspiration I visited hundreds of personal websites looking for inspiration. Here are a few that I kept coming back to: Emma Goto. I love Emma's approach to presenting the variety of her interests, even though I went a different route. Brennan Kenneth Brown. This website has so much to offer. It's a great example of what the open web looks like. Rex Barrett. The sentence "Collecting hobbies is my hobby." hit home — so much that I had to steal borrow it for my short life bio. Conclusion This project was mostly about merging the content of two websites into one. I knew this would take a considerable amount of time, but I still greatly underestimated the effort. In the end, it was all about the journey, not the destination. I loved fine-tuning the design and tweaking little details that probably no one will ever notice. I still have many more ideas left in my backlog. How do you like my new digital home? If you have an opinion, let me know! Reply via email

23 hours ago • 1 votes
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