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If all your time is spent watching output tokens, where do your input tokens come from? Letting an agent rip on full auto is basically doom scrolling. Even worse if you're doom scrolling while the agent runs. We humans love frying our dopamine receptors. This feels great until you realize what you were offloading: the struggle. The part where you fail. Failure is the entire point. You don't make progress in the gym unless you take a set at least close to failure. The muscle only adapts when it's forced to. It is no different for the brain. Cognitive Atrophy It is very hard to admit to yourself that your skills have atrophied. It is even harder to admit this to other people. I will admit that over the past several months my brain has gotten smoother (and I wasn't even on Twitter much!). Recently, I had written an abstraction for my diff viewer (diffy), an element system with a macro that lets agents write html-like code in rust for native ui (they reason better with this). But it wasn't adopted everywhere in the repo yet, so when I asked for a new feature, the model decided to hand paint it straight to the viewport instead. Every behavior the element system gives you for free was just... missing. Text wasn't selectable. Hover highlights wouldn't go away. And since I wasn't looking closely, it iterated on the slop and produced more slop, more bugs. I just kept saying continue. I lost a whole day untangling it, and the funny part is that once I actually looked at what it had built, every bug was the same bug. When you hit a roadblock and your immediate reaction is to reach for something else (previously, this used to be other people, but now it is a language model) you are essentially skipping the part where you actually learn to solve the problem. It is funny how one of the best "learning tools" has turned out to be the number one cause (anecdotal. sue me) of the lack of learning! It's been a few months since I started writing this, and things have gotten more dire. Several major software services barely work now, grown engineers I once respected are writing somber posts about missing a language model that was banned for a while. Mourning. For model weights. It's all so dystopian. It didn't work, but boy was it beautiful. As the agents get better, one is basically expected to produce code at an alarming rate. The timeline to get something done is compressed but the time it takes to come up with solutions to hard problems has not. There are usually a few good abstractions one can come up with that balance the upsides and tradeoffs for most software problems. However it is currently trivial to turn your brain off and let the slop flow. The code will be complex. It might look like it all works, but something always breaks. And the solution to that? More slop. Software quality is collapsing as a result, and the societal expectation that engineers understand what they ship is disappearing. You never understood the code in the first place. So when you need to change it, you're asking the same stateless clanker to modify code it has no memory of writing. All output tokens and zero thinking tokens. A lower barrier of entry to write software doesn't imply the standards for good software must be lowered. The culture of doing things because they said you couldn't. The growing trend is to do things because you now can (supposedly), but we used to try and do things because we could not out of sheer stubbornness. Carmack and gang shipped QuakeWorld with client-side prediction over dial-up when the conventional wisdom was that twitch shooters over the internet were unplayable. This only happened because Quake's original netcode was laggy and everyone hated it. (They fixed it in a month.) George Dantzig arrived late to class, mistook two "unsolvable" statistics problems for homework, and solved them. Nobody told him they were impossible, so he just did the work. Andrew Wiles spent seven years alone in his attic working on Fermat's Last Theorem, a problem mathematicians had given up on for 350 years. He announced the proof, a reviewer found a hole in it, and he spent another year fixing that too. Notice that all three of them became who they are because of the struggle, not despite it. The people benefiting most from generative tools today, say Terence Tao or Mitchell Hashimoto, already put in the time, so when they offload work they're just skipping the typing. When people like you and me (if this is not you, then I apologize) offload, we skip the grind itself. With language models, easy tasks got easier, hard tasks stayed hard. The hard part was never the task itself. @codex how do I fix this I don't know, I am figuring this out as I go. The amount of time I have spent actually programming has been dropping month over month this year. I used to have a coding stats section on my website that would track hours I spent writing code split by language, recently I had updated it to this: and it made me quite sad. I do think that sometimes all you need is to realize that the thing you are doing is actually detrimental to your growth. Consistency matters more than one would assume. If you consistently take some time away from these tools and actually use your brain, that alone is already significantly better than offloading your thoughts. Solve the problems yourself. Or at least try, fail, and spend time thinking. There is seemingly no "learning" phase anymore. You are expected to just know things. Learning is fun, don't let anyone take this away from you. I've written about this before. It is probably going to be slow, learning takes time and effort. You will feel stupid (I feel stupid). This is a good feeling, because there exists a world where you are no longer stupid and the path towards it is learning. Books still exist! Libraries are still open, notebooks waiting to be written in. Read more. Write more. But If you really do care about improving yourself, be honest and use these models for what they are, highly efficient filters of zettabytes of data (the internet is estimated to be 175-240 zettabytes (10^{21} bytes)). It was extremely difficult to identify what one needed to read to learn niche topics even like 2 years ago. I remember asking a good friend of mine to recommend material to dive deep into learning about SIMD, and honestly there wasn't much stuff to read except the Intel Intrinsics Guide. And if you've ever taken a look at that, it is quite cancerous for a first-time reader. Language models are super useful here because you can point them at material and you can ask questions that pertain to the thing you care about and it will simply just tell you the correct things. Conclusion One good thing in this age of slop is to consume knowledge at an unbelievable pace. I don't necessarily mean using only model output for learning (I don't trust them to learn any topic more than a shallow amount), but rather using them to help sift through the plethora of information available out there and identifying the right things to read. Human slop exists too and using a language model to supplement your learning might help keep you sane (ironically). I like using these models to write code that I tell it to write (outside of work I enjoy doing it myself entirely), and I am largely disinterested in asking it what I should write. There are exceptions of course, because not everyone is working on scaling software services which has largely been solved (but slowly being forgotten), but that would be for you to decide. The best model you have access to (and it has solved continual learning) is, and always has been, the one inside your skull. It's time to scale up its input tokens.
Glimpse v1.0 Glimpse can now build call graphs, showing you exactly how functions relate to each other in your codebase. Video # what does main call? glimpse code :main # what calls this function? (reverse call graph) glimpse code :process_request --callers # limit the depth glimpse code :build --depth 3 This works by parsing your code with tree-sitter, extracting function definitions and calls, then resolving those calls to their actual definitions. Precise mode Sometimes tree-sitter based resolution isn’t enough. Maybe you’re dealing with dynamic dispatch, generics, or just a language with particularly complex module resolution. For this, Glimpse can use LSPs to resolve definitions semantically. glimpse code :main --precise This spins up actual LSP servers and uses goto-definition / goto-implementation to resolve calls. It’s slower, but accurate. Glimpse will attempt to auto-install the LSP servers for you. Indexing Glimpse eagerly caches whatever it finds into an incremental index. But you can choose to pre-build the index ahead of time for instant queries. # build the index glimpse index build # with LSP for precise resolution glimpse index build --precise # check what you've got glimpse index status The index stores all the definitions, calls, and resolutions so subsequent queries are fast. Language support Glimpse now supports: Go, Rust, C, C++, Python, TypeScript, JavaScript, Zig, Java, Scala, Nix, Lua, Ruby, C#, Kotlin, Swift, and Haskell. Each language has custom tree-sitter queries for extracting definitions, calls, and imports. The grammars are downloaded and compiled automatically on first use. Try it # install cargo install glimpse # or with homebrew brew tap seatedro/glimpse && brew install glimpse # or with nix nix profile install github:seatedro/glimpse # then just glimpse code :main
Look everything up Pretty much the best way to learn that I have found is to refrain from suprressing your innate curosity and let it go wild. Most of the time, you will encounter a term or concept that you do not know, instead of glancing at it briefly, go all in. Google it, read the wiki page, found someone’s blog post? Read it. Watch that youtube video (I only do this if it’s not 3 hours like your average Sphaerophoria stream). Dive head first into rabbit holes. I’ll outline an average day where I have two types of goals: - Concrete goals: Like finish implementing X feature in Y project - Loose goals: Learn about X or Y. I will include rough timestamps but they are pretty much meaningless because productivity levels vary immensely throughout the day. 9:00 AM Decided to learn about document parsing. Links: EPUB specification, I found out that EPUBs are just an archive with HTML, and nearly had a crisis. (Now I know.) Immediate questions: so I need to parse the EPUB, extract metadata, fetch the XML and parse that too. Eventually I would have to use a WebView to render the HTML/CSS on the screen to render the book. (Unfortunate.) Found out that in order to read the PDF spec, you need to pay like 350 swiss francs! Spend time perusing SwiftUI docs, and asking grok about how I can render things on the screen with Swift. Fiddle with XCode, marvel at how Swift gets pretty much everything right but uses func ... for declaring functions. It has Result<T, E> though, so forgiven. 11:00 AM Began reading Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective (CSAPP) Studied numeric representations, created Anki cards for hexadecimal conversion 12:00 PM Rabbit holed into learning so much about UTF-8 Bookmarked to learn more about UTF-8 and UTF-16 and writing a parser for it later (ILY @zack_overflow) 1:00 PM Taking a break, lunch + watching a movie. 2:30 PM Read Jon Olick’s single file resize implementation in C++ as reference (ILY @gizmobly) to roll my own resize library for use in glyph Rabbit holed into learning more about Sinc filters and the Lanczos Kernel. 3:30 PM Shifted to working on memegrep(v2). This is where I already know the goals I want to accomplish before the day ends. I implemented a pub/sub flow to help with scale when users upload their private memes. Rough sketch in mind: user uploads meme(s) → server receives req → insert skeleton into db → queue upload → return 201 to user immediately → worker picks up task Spent the next 6 hours coding without even realizing 6 hours had passed (bliss) Ended up with multi-file upload, search, deployed a CLIP model, added all the scaffolding needed in the UI for this. 9:30 PM I posted something about pointers on twitter and ended up reading some history about the nomenclature just for fun. Links: pointers, handles are the better pointers Also saw something about reference counting being used in the libvips library earlier in the day, so decided to check out their implementation since i’ve only used it in rust quite often. reference counting, Rc and Arc 11:00 PM Was in bed and saw a post linking an amazing article by Valve on Source Engine Networking, so ended up being a nice and light read. At the end of the day I ended up with more questions, but I definitely had more answers than when I started! Here’s a DAG of my exploration for fun:
two-weeks I built a website (twoweeksisallyouneed dot com) with just Claude 3.5 Sonnet, zero lines of code written by me. Why I did this So a couple weeks back I had a computer vision midterm and i was allowed a single page of notes. I decided to use Claude to generate a cheat sheet in LaTeX. It was crazy lol, I was able to cook up something usable in 15 mins. pic.twitter.com/0tvIsdv34d — ro/nin (@seatedro) October 24, 2024 Someone had asked me to make a similar cheatsheet for ML, but I thought why not get claude to make an entire website instead? Early days I didn’t really give claude any specific information except what I wanted to build. My plan was as follows: > build out the UI skeleton first > populate with some dummy data > set up a content pipeline > tie up the ui with the data > fix bugs Claude decided to use react (Shocking). With just a couple of chats I was able to get the retro/hacker/matrix style UI down. (It’s going to be hard for frontend engineers to keep up with AI at this rate) I spent some time building and adding secrets/easter eggs to the website which no one has found yet lmaoooo. If/when all the easter eggs are found, I will open source the repository. Good hunting until then bros. Frustrations Things got really annoying, really fast. As soon as I wanted to build some sort of content pipeline, everything went to shit. Claude, no matter how smart of an AI, is not human. It did not think ahead. If I was going to build out this website I would not have started with a barebones react/vite app. I would have probably gone for a full stack framework like sveltekit instead. Generating content for the website was/is a nightmare. LLMs hallucinate, this is known, but did you also know how incredibly frustrating it is to get them to follow instructions? There were multiple instances where Claude (with all the 40% of project context of javascript code) generated a TypeScript interface and proceeded to spit TypeScript code. This project has 0 TypeScript???? The new edit in place nonsense was getting on my nerves. Half the time the output artifact wouldn’t even change, and the other half it would mess up the changes. I have to mention “please use a new artifact” if I wanted any real usable code. I was enthusiastic about building something with just Claude the first few days, then I started getting weary, and then eventually I wanted to take a sabbatical from using AI. When the project context grows, (think like 20% or more), Claude seems to have a hard time using that information. Often times I found myself hitting send, and Claude would spit some nonsense, I would hit stop and paste any relevant code directly and then get some useful code. Context is probably the biggest annoyance I’ve had with LLMs. Random thoughts Perplexity (with claude 3.5) is great (to an extent) because it’s essentially a RAG search so I was able to get somewhat up to date content for the resources and references sections from it. I feel like I was able to ship something of decent quality for sure, but I lost a lot of brain cells during the process. Do not take away from the programmer the only thing he wishes to do, program. Proompting I didn’t particularly do anything unique to get the best out of my prompts/chats. I did do everything in a Project on claude dot ai though, which let me set Project Instructions like so: BE ENTHUSIASTIC. WE ARE GOING TO CHANGE THE WAY THE WORLD LEARNS WITH THIS WEBSITE🚀🚀🚀🚀 LLMs seem to be much more open to doing anything you ask if you gaslight them, so go ahead and do it. Here are some prompts that I used while building the website: PROMPT ------ This is AWESOME: * For the loading screen add some text that says "you can learn anything in two weeks" * The ascii text is also weird, it says erain? is that supposed to mean something? * Where did all my placeholder topics go? * MOAR scrt scan lines * The matrix rain needs to fall vertically and it should be subtle. On mouse move it should get a bit brighter (the char under the mouse) What else do you think you could add? Surprise me One time I asked Claude to add something and it started changing the existing UI????? PROMPT: ------ OKAY, we have a beautiful boot sequence now. let's flesh out the main content screen. First let's fix some bugs: * The animations restart everytime i move my mouse instead of continue organically * What i mean is, when i move my mouse over the windows or around the matrix rain, the matrix rain restarts and so do the typewriter effect on the window title Work on these * [REDACTED] Easter eggs: * Fun Features: * "Power saving mode" that dims everything except what you're reading ....[REDACTED] So many times I ended up editing the prompt and adding lines like this: PLEASE DON'T CHANGE THE EXISTING UI. IT LOOKS GOOD BRO. I’ll just add some random prompts here PROMPT ------ Broski, we need to make the UI responsive and shit. Lot of people are reporting issues with it on mobile and smaller screens PROMPT ------ what sort of content do u think we should add? i was thinking things like formulae, charts (for phd), code blocks (for eng), research papers, youtube video links, blog posts etc. Let's think out loud how we're gonna do this before we proceed PROMPT ------ `pasted_code.jsx` Here is my current dashboard. Here is some sample concept content i have: `pasted_data.json` I need you to render this beautifully in the dashboard. Make any and all changes needed. It needs to look beautiful. And anything else u feel would be good. List out the things you're adding before adding it okay? Concluding thoughts This was a good experiment, a success. If you have a clear vision for what you want your product to be, then AI can help you achieve that vision quite well! However, I don’t think I will be using AI for the foreseeable future. I feel like my learning is stagnating the more i use AI and I want to write my slop code with my own two hands. I might use avante.nvim to quickly write some duplicated code here and there but by god, I miss coding. Actual coding.
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Reading my recent computing retrospective, I realised there was a big section missing: the people in my life that made an impact and helped shape my career. Outside my immediate family, one person made an outsized contribution, and I’m fairly certain that without his influence my life would have taken a very different path. The fact that I’m still here in 2026, still writing code and being fortunate enough to have a career in something I love is testament to him. So I’d like to take a few moments to talk about my old secondary school teacher, George Dryden. Denied Back in 1995, I had a problem. I knew I wanted to study computing at university and build a career out of my passion, but there was a snag. For those unfamiliar with the UK schooling system, when you’re 15-16 you take a set of GCSE exams in a broad range of subjects. After that, you pick around 3 subjects to really focus on over a period of 2 years. These are called A Levels, and they are a big step up and are meant to prepare you for a degree-level course at university. Admission to university is also governed by these results - if you want to study computing, you’re going to need a computing A-Level, and most universities will only accept you (or “make an offer”) if you achieve a certain grade. And whilst I had taken computing at a GCSE level, my school did not offer a computing A-Level course. I instead had to settle on “Design & Technology”, which just didn’t inspire me. Instead of working on my portfolio and projects, I spent most of my time daydreaming and writing code on the Acorn Archimedes computers that were the staple of every 90s UK school. No disrespect to the teachers - they were all awesome - but it just wasn’t for me. I was miserable, and by the end of my first year, I was well on my way to failing outright with my entire future plans seemingly going up in smoke. Someone noticed That’s when George stepped in. He’d taught me computing right the way through my GCSEs, and with no A-Level course on offer, that was officially where his involvement was supposed to have ended. It didn’t. He had noticed my constant presence in the computing labs - before and after school, during lunch breaks, free “study” periods - working on some little pet project or digging into RISC OS internals. I remember him as warm, with a wicked, dry sense of humour, and a refreshingly spiky attitude to authority - I always got the sense he’d worked out for himself which rules were worth taking seriously and which ones weren’t. And he always had time for me. I spent years pestering him with questions that had nothing to do with anything on the syllabus, and he’d always find a way to answer them that actually made sense. He was just as supportive of my odd little obsessions. At one point I’d got deep into the BBS scene, which I thought was the coolest thing ever, and decided what the school really needed was an internal BBS running on its own network. So I wrote one. It was deeply cringeworthy, obviously - but George helped me put posters up around the school advertising it, and even gave it a mention in assembly one morning. I think about five people in total ever checked it out. It didn’t matter: a teacher had stood up in front of the entire school and treated my weird little project like it was worth something, and that was a hugely validating moment for me. Off the books He recognised the passion, and eventually he made a suggestion: What if I quit the Design and Technology course, and instead attempt the A-level course myself? Personally, I also suspect he was enjoying himself. There was some internal school politics behind why computing wasn’t offered at A-Level in the first place - I never knew the details - and I think the prospect of one of his students simply going out and getting the qualification anyway appealed to him on two separate levels. It would get me where I wanted to go, and it would wind up exactly the right people. It wouldn’t be easy, he warned. The school would be against it, plus it was a two-year course which I’d have to cram into one year. I’d have to do it all myself - studying, lesson planning, coursework - he couldn’t help me in an official capacity, but he said he’d advocate for me and help where he could. If I had assignments, he’d send them off to be graded and would give feedback in his own time. He’d enter me in for the exams and also gave me a set of keys to the computer lab so I could use it whenever I needed. It was the first time anybody outside my own family had really shown faith in my abilities and encouraged me to take a stand. It was a pivotal moment for me - I realised if I wanted something badly enough I would have to fight for it, but I could still make it happen. I didn’t have to take “NO” for an answer - a lesson I think I picked up from watching him as much as from anything he ever actually said to me. After a few weeks of dithering, I took the jump. I remember a few awkward meetings with the school administration but thanks to his behind-the-scenes work, I was soon following my dream. An intense year And yes, it was bloody hard work. I had to condense an entire two year course into under a year, be disciplined enough to produce my own study plan, and be critical enough of my own shortcomings that I could focus my study where it was needed. I pretty much lived and breathed it for months straight and was more-or-less a permanent fixture in the labs or school library poring over my course books. I’d make lists of questions and chat to George over lunch, and he’d provide guidance and encouragement. It was a lonely way to learn with no classmates to compare notes with, no lessons to turn up to, and right up until the end I had no real idea whether any of it was good enough - but bit by bit, it started to feel like something I could actually pull off. And sure enough, in the late spring of 1996, I sat down in an exam hall with my fellow students, the only one with an A-Level computing question paper in front of me. The final exam went by in a blur - I can only remember a few of the questions now (and a peculiar obsession with the Pascal language) - but I do remember the euphoria as the invigilator called “time’s up, pens down, close your papers NOW”. I had done it. A few nerve-wracking months later, my Mum drove me into school to pick up my results. I ripped open the envelope and saw it - I’d passed with an A grade! I literally ran up the stairs to George’s office next to the computing labs to thank him personally. I’d taken my camera into school to take a few last photos for memory’s sake and snapped this photo of him before I walked out the school gates for the last time: A different path Because of him, I managed to get into my university of choice, studying computing with a focus on networks. Because of that, I landed my first job working as a “webmaster”, and my career since has been one of the highlights of my life. All these years later, it’s a real privilege to be able to get up each morning and actively look forward to working in an industry I love. Without George stepping up for me and encouraging me to believe in myself, none of that would have happened. I wouldn’t have had the career I have, and I wouldn’t be where I am now. I met my wife when we both worked at a software company - she sat at the desk behind me - so even my home and family life can be traced back to that spring of 1996. And the A-Level itself was only half of what I took away from that year. The qualification opened the door to university, but the lesson that came with it was every bit as important: that a “no” isn’t always the end of it, and that sometimes the answer can be argued with. I’m so proud of what I managed to achieve all those years ago, and even more thankful to have had someone like George in my life to put me on the right track. Mr. Dryden I did see him again after I left. He drank in one of my local pubs - a pub I’d been going to for a good while before I was technically old enough to be in it - and I’d say hello if I spotted him in there, mostly in the months before I moved away to university. After that it was only a handful of times. For years I’d find myself scanning the room whenever I was back home and in for a pint, half expecting him to be at the bar. At some point I stopped seeing him altogether and eventually moved across the country. The trouble was I never really knew how to talk to him outside of school. He was always Mr. Dryden, or just “Sir”, I don’t think I ever once called him George to his face! I was (and still am if I’m honest) fairly socially awkward, and I never worked out how to phrase the thing I actually wanted to say: that he had changed the entire direction of my life, and I wasn’t sure he knew it. So instead I’d say hello, and ask how he was, talk about nothing much, and go back to my friends. Epilogue Sadly, 3 years ago now, I opened the latest issue of my old school alumni newsletter to read that he’d passed away. The photo at the start of this article was taken from his obituary article and I read that he’d had a long illness and had suffered from dementia at the end. I did write to him years ago by email - I don’t know if he ever got it, or was in any capacity to understand what he’d done for me, but I hope so. There’s an old saying by one of my favourite authors (Terry Pratchett) that “no one is finally dead until the ripples they cause in the world die away”. In one of his books, a character keeps the memory of his son alive by passing his name along a series of telegraph towers. It’s in that spirit that I’m writing this post - I debated it for many years as it’s very personal to me and I also have no contact with any of George’s family so I have no idea what they would make of it all. But even though it’s 30+ years ago now, I will never forget him or what he did for me - and at least now, if someone searches his name it’ll be recorded here for as long as I’m alive and running this site. Thank you, Sir. George Dryden 1942-2023
Let’s step inside the kernel and understand how it implements copy-on-write and what are its implications for the performance of user-space systems
Yesterday, I received this email as a response to You Can't Vibe Code Love. It's such a remarkable and powerful statement that I asked permission to share it here, in its entirety, with personal information redacted: Hey Jeff, Hope you and your family are doing well.
A frustrated Reddit post about being a condom between an AI and production made the rounds in our team. Here is why I think the opposite is true and what it means for how we review code, plan work and think.
And here we are three years after I wrote about the Google Pixel Fold being announced, followed now with the announcement of the iPhone Duo...(I have questions about the naming by the way). Four years ago I was talking about web primitives in the platform for the Surface Duo. My how time flies. There are CSS media features, a Viewport Segments API, a Device Posture API but Chromium based browsers are the only ones currently supporting these things. I haven't been able to find any signal yet on whether Safari will support these things in the web platform as the developer docs focus on application development. If you're interested in trying out the platform features, you can emulate the Surface Duo and Galaxy Z Fold in the developer tools. And if you're thinking, do I really have to have my website adapt to two screens? The answer is no. Adding a design to an application or dual screen makes sense if you have an experience that has two simulataneous contexts that are useful e.g. a list of email messages/inbox on one screen, an open message, email thread or email composer on the other. Here's one of my talks from 2022 if you're interested in learning more about what's available in the browser for dual screen/foldable devices. Happy building :)