More from Rubenerd
Yesterday we took the Shinkansen fron Tōkyō to Nagoya, a city I’ve never been to before. Clara had been for a brief stopover, but hadn’t seen much of it beyond its port. Much of yesterday’s post may have been spent extolling the virtues of high-speed trains before I even got to what I was supposed to discuss. It’s always bittersweet leaving Tōkyō. It’s a bit of a cliché to say you love it as a tourist, when there’s so much more of the country to see. But there’s a reason why people flock to it: it’s one of the greatest places on Earth. Just about anything you could ever want to do, see, or eat can be found there, and it’s such a pleasant place to be. That’s the thing I think surprises people the most; people expect Tōkyō to be all crammed peak-hour trains and endless bustle, but the urban landscape retains a sense of human scale that other large cities don’t. I might write an obsessive post about this at some point. We made it to the Tōkyō Shinkansen station with plenty of time to spare, which is good because even for seasoned travellers to Japan it can be confusing finding where you need to go among the warren of corridors, underpasses, escalators, and floors. It’s a massive hive of activity, not unlike an airport. We book our tickets in advance from SmartEX as most tourists do, then proceeded to the gates clearly marked as SmartEX gates… which didn’t work. Instead, we needed to go to the QR code gates, which did work. I also dropped my hat, but naturally a Japanese woman came running after me apologising profusely for having the gall to return it to me! We arrived in Nagoya, and it felt weird actually getting off the train. I knew Nagoya to be an industrial port city you zip past on the way to Kansai or further south, so to be honest I wasn’t sure what to expect. You can read all the articles on Wikipedia, see photos, and talk with friends who’ve been, but it’s a very different experience to stepping off onto the platform into a new Japanese city to which you’ve never been. Aaaaa, exciting! When we were first planning our Nagoya leg of the trip, we naturally made a list of all the things we wanted to see. They seemed to cluster around two areas: the park area around Sakae, and the Port of Nagoya. We found a cute hotel right near the long Sakae park, and took the Nagoya Subway for the first time to get there. It felt much more like the Ōsaka subway than the post-Olympics stations in Tōkyō, which I loved. Suffice to say, I was taken by Nagoya from the moment I arrived. It’s hard to describe, but I feel like I immediately entered the holiday mode of my brain spending five minutes walking around. The atmosphere is definitely more chill, again just like Ōsaka. There are so many more people on bikes. Cars drive slower. There are fewer suits, though still far more than you’d see in the West! And the linear park in Sakae is gorgeous; we’ll be doing a proper end-to-end walk of it hopefully in the next day or two. We checked in and got food at this adorable little Mos Burger off the main shopping street in Sakae, given the amount of grief I received proclaiming it to be S-tier. It was a surreal experience sitting there hearing The Cranberries, Oasis, and other 90s hits playing through small speakers in a Japanese fast food joint in new city with flowers out the window and surrounded by trees. And yes, the food was immaculately presented and tasted amazing, as you’d expect. I had the teriyaki chicken which actually tasted like teriyaki chicken! It was getting late in the afternoon, so we went to relive some childhood memories at Tower Records, because Japan is where nostalgic Western chains go to live out their retirement. I’ve blogged about these places a few times here over the years, but it’s always fun exploring the rows of CDs, checking out the merchandise, seeing all the music posters, using those CD sampling machines. It’s like I’m back in the late 1990s, only with K-Pop bands, anisong, and vtubers. Even better, in other words! We rounded off the evening by walking down the main street parallel to the long Sakae park, which was gorgeous. Nagoya, you’ve made a hell of a first impression ^^. By Ruben Schade in Nagoya, 2025-04-24.
I’m typing this today as we travel from Tōkyō to Nagoya on the Shinkansen, the best form of transport in the world. It’s fast, quiet, convenient, smooth, spotless, punctual, and the booking system is even understandable after you’ve made a bunch of mistakes! The seats in the reserved Green Cars are bigger and more comfortable than business class on a loud, shaky aircraft, and the windows are gigantic. You also board at a station without going through all the rigmarole of an airport. I’ve been lucky enough to go on the Shinkansen half a dozen times now, and it never gets old. It’s the peak of human transport. I would fight people who disagree, but (a) I wouldn’t be able to bear the secondhand embarrassment, and (2) I’d want you to at least have a bit of dignity. I’m considerate like that! It’s wild that I’m using the free Wi-Fi, while connected to the WireGuard VPN back at our house in Sydney. For the next hour, our home Internet is on a bullet train! How cool is that!? Anyway, that’s today, I’m supposed to be writing about yesterday. I think the Beatles sang a song about that. Yesterday was our last full day in Tōkyō for a while, so we went hunting for the OM SYSTEM OM-3 that we’d failed to find in Akiba on our first day. We did a bit of digging and found one going for almost ¥20,000 cheaper in a Yamada Denki in Shinjuku, which we took as a sign. We got to the store, and sure enough there was a whole row of OM SYSTEM kit alongside the Nikons that I’m sure I should have got if I weren’t so irrational. But picking it up in person and using it for five minutes, the OM-3 reminded me of everything I loved about my old Olympus E-M10. The retro-styled Nikons were fun to use, but the OM-3 felt so precise, engineered, and crafted in a way that’s hard to describe, and that no other camera company gets close to. I didn’t even need to think twice, and a few minutes later the very attentive and flustered staff member was running around assembling all the pieces we needed to complete our order. He was also exceedingly cute, though you didn’t read that. I needed to charge the battery on the new toy, so we broke for lunch while we headed back to the hotel. We stopped in a little hole in the wall soba store where I successfully had my first solid food of the trip! We figured strings of carbs with light sauce would be easy on the stomach. I could have cried; the food is what I miss most about Japan, and I finally felt like we arrived! There was likely nothing special or unique about this plate of food, but it was the best fucking thing I felt like I ever tasted. After spending my months of savings on a silly slab of photographic gear, and remembering what food tastes like, we made a quick detour to Harajuku to see if the Pompompurin cafe had space! Alas, they did not, but we enjoyed some coffee at another lovely little café near the station before heading back to the hotel. Neither of us are the target audience for Harajuku, but it’s probably not one of our favourite places in Japan. I’d say it’s because it’s swarming with tourists, but that’d be a bit hypocritical (cough). We dropped stuff back at the hotel and headed back to Akiba to see if luck would strike twice. We hadn’t seen our favourite English vtuber Ninomae Ina’nis’s autographed memorabilia or life-sized cutout at the new AmiAmi vertical figure store, but we thought maybe it might be around in their previous anchor store in Radio Kaikan. And she was! She’d signed the massive lifesize cutout, and a bunch of other art and prior releases that were on display. There was also a tonne of previously released merchandise for other Holo talents, of which we may have partaken (cough). I feel like there was more Hololive stuff in general around the weeb stores this time around, both in new and second-hand outlets (it used to be that Niji had them cornered). It’ll be interesting to see how that changes with some of the high profile departures of late. I love Hololive, the community, and all the talents, but it’s hard not to worry there’s something brewing internally that’s dissuading some of their biggest names from staying. Anyway! The plan was to check out some HARD·OFF second-hand hardware stores in Akiba, but we ended up spending the rest of the evening exploring all the stores in Radio Kaikan. You know you’ve been there a while when that orchestral Aud Lang Syne rendition starts playing everywhere. Rather than taking the JR and Metro back to the hotel, we decided to have an evening stroll instead. Japan, like Singapore, is such a joy to walk around at night; it’s so clean and safe. It also gave us an opportunity to get a cheeky snack from a certain ubiquitous establishment. Next stop, Nagoya! I’ve only ever gone past it on the train—this specific Shinkansen service, funnily enough—so I’m looking forward to seeing a new part of the country. By Ruben Schade in Sydney, 2025-04-23.
Yesterday was our first full day in Japan again! It was so much fun getting back into the routine of konbinis, train station jingles, wanderings, and spontaneity. It really hits different to anywhere else in the world, a fact I’m sure you don’t find shocking. The urban landscape of Japan is endlessly fascinating, though I’m just as much looking forward to the more rural parts of the trip too. Alas, while my stomach bug was in remission, it was still very much a fixture of the day. Food is the other major reason one goes to Japan, but fortunately the convenience stores and pharmacies had a bunch of electrolyte drinks and meal replacement jellies I could eat. Those CalorieMate bikkies were a godsend; they’re like shortbread, but are easy to digest and fill you up. We spent the morning wandering around Jinbōchō near the hotel. The area is known for its numerous bookstores, and while I can barely read anything more than Hiragana, it was still fascinating to see. One art store had books chronicling the history of wood cut art, something my mum and I were fascinated with when I was growing up. She really would have lost herself around here, it still makes me sad how we were going to explore the world together once she was cured. Somehow I like to think she was walking alongside Clara and I. (I was going to include a photo here, but I realised I didn’t take any! I must have been even more engrossed than I realised). I was exhausted after a few hours, presumably because I hadn’t eaten proper food for two days! So I went back to the hotel and had a hot shower that accidentally turned into a bath. The plug had been set into the shower/bath drain, so after standing there for five minutes I leaned into it and sat down. The bath was comically small for my long legs, but it felt incredible on my tired bones and sore tummy. Trust the Japanese to make me fall in love with baths again! We’re only in Tōkyō for a few days, so naturally nerds like us wanted to go to Akihabara again. Originally an area catering to electronics, cameras, scientific gear, and the like, the last couple of decades have seen it also turn into a mecca for Japanese pop culture. On previous trips we’ve spent days wandering around all the anime, manga, music, and book stores, but this time we had two specific goals in mind. Hololive’s cutest artist Ninomae Ina’nis (featured on my blog sidebar) did a collaboration with the AmiAmi anime figure retailer last year, where she recorded some of the announcements in the store and had some art up. Most of this had been taken down by the time we managed to get here, but there was still a couple of easter eggs about the place :). Alas, we weren’t able to find a retailer with stock of the OM System OM-3 that I’d been saving for, but we did get to a Sofmap that had a massive assortment of lenses and other camera gear, including the last Olumpus PEN which I was sorely tempted to part a chunk of money for. I’ve bought so much second-hand kit from these stores in Japan over the years; the way they’re transparent with the condition, and the extent they must QC it all, I’ve always had a wonderful experience. Perhaps my next Micro Four Thirds will come from here! We also went to Lashinbang to look for more Prince Cat stuff for Clara. While that was a bust, we did see a tonne of Hololive, Fate, and Atelier stuff. The highlight though was a store further down the road that had vinyl releases of popular anime and vtuber albums, including my Japanese oshi Suisei, the soundtrack for Toradora, and even some Bocchi! I couldn’t justify the cost given I’m about to spend too much on an OM-3, but this was wonderful to see. We went to a few capsule stores, then finished the evening at an adorable little pancake house upstairs off the main road called The Flying Scotsman which we had to go to just for the name. I still couldn’t eat much, but I was able to have a couple of bites of Clara’s Japanese pancake. It was the first solid food I’d eaten in days, and it was sublime. If you have tired feet from wandering around Akiba all day, and maid cafes or host clubs aren’t your thing (or you’ve done them too much, shifty eyes), we can high recommend this place. Today we’re off to Shinjuku to hunt for an OM-3, and maybe even… eat some actual food again! Those meal replacement jellies were a lifeline, and I’ve already gone down a belt hole, but I’m craving some real food. Maybe some simple soba will work. By Ruben Schade in Tokyo, 2025-04-22.
Yesterday we flew into Haneda Airport in Tōkyō to start our Japan trip! Non-stop Japan Airlines trips used to fly from Sydney to Narita, but this seems to have switched to Handea after COVID started. JAL remains one of my favourite airlines. It doesn’t have that premium feeling of Singapore Airlines, but it’s as punctual, clean, well-maintained, and friendly as you’d expect of a Japanese carrier. I rate planes by their bathrooms, and they were immaculate. We were on one of their Boeing 787s, for which I have mixed feelings. The higher pressure cabin and the skill of the pilots meant I felt zero ear popping, which was absolutely wonderful! Clara and I also had a two-seater in economy which was comfortable with plenty of leg room. Alas, 787s don’t have window shades, instead using a dimmer with buttons. Much of the flight you can dim this to zero, but during meal service you can’t. The westerly sun was absolutely beating down on us through these windows, which when you have a migraine was awful. Boeing, I know the 787 is your flagship, but give us window shades! That said though, the larger windows did give us a spectacular view of the Tōkyō skyline as we approached. It looks even more amazing at night, but wow. It reminded me of the views when we flew into New York. We arrived at Haneda, and naturally were greeted with some beautiful little displays. We’re too late for the sakura season, but that didn’t stop them displaying all those lovely motifs. My favourite had to be the station entrance. Alas, as I ranted about on Mastodon shortly after arrival, I had a nausea migraine which made the trip from the airport to the hotel in Jinbōchō a… challenge! I won’t share details, but suffice to say we’d go two stops on the train, then I’d have to jump out and get to the nearest bathroom. I won’t lie, it was grim! But after almost three hours for a trip that should have taken 45 minutes, we got to our beautiful little hotel, and Clara scouted the area for electrolyte drinks. I’m typing this the following day and I feel like a new person which is a massive relief! That said though, the plan is to take it easy and just do some walking. It’s a stunningly gorgeous day for a stroll :’). By Ruben Schade in Tokyo, 2025-04-21.
More in life
One small but meaningful shift to make hard conversations a little bit easier
Theanine is an amino acid that occurs naturally in tea. Many people take it as a supplement for stress or anxiety. It’s mechanistically plausible, but the scientific literature hasn’t been able to find much of a benefit. So I ran a 16-month blinded self-experiment in the hopes of showing it worked. It did not work. At the end of the post, I put out a challenge: If you think theanine, prove it. Run a blinded self-experiment. After all, if it works, then what are you afraid of? Well, it turns out that Luis Costigan had already run a self-experiment. Here was his protocol: Each morning, take 200 mg theanine or placebo (blinded) along with a small iced coffee. Wait 90 minutes. Record anxiety on a subjective scale of 0-10. He repeated this for 20 days. His mean anxiety after theanine was 4.2 and after placebo it was 5.0. A simple Bayesian analysis said there was an 82.6% chance theanine reduced anxiety. The p-value was 0.31, but this is a Bayesian blog—this is what you'd expect with a sample size of 20. A sample size of 20 just doesn’t have enough statistical power to have a good chance of finding a statistically significant result. If you assume the mean under placebo is 5.0, the mean under theanine is 4.2, and the standard deviation is 2.0, then you’d only have a 22.6% chance of getting a result with p<0.05. I think this experiment was good, both the experiment and the analysis. It doesn’t prove theanine works, but it was enough to make me wonder: Maybe theanine does work, but I somehow failed to bring out the effect? What would give theanine the best possible chance of working? Theanine is widely reported to help with anxiety from caffeine. While I didn’t explicitly take caffeine as part of my previous experiment, I drink tea almost every day, so I figured that if theanine helps, it should have shown up. But most people (and Luis) take theanine with coffee, not tea. I find that coffee makes me much more nervous than tea. For this reason, I sort of hate coffee and rarely drink it. Maybe the tiny amounts of natural theanine in tea masked the effects of the supplements? Or maybe you need to take theanine and caffeine at the same time? Or maybe for some strange reason theanine works for coffee (or coffee-tier anxiety) but not tea? So fine. To hell with my mental health. I decided to take theanine (or placebo) together with coffee on an empty stomach first thing in the day. And I decided to double the dose of theanine from 200 mg to 400 mg. Details Coffee. I used one of those pod machines which are incredibly uncool but presumably deliver a consistent amount of caffeine. Measurements. Each day I recorded my stress levels on a subjective 1-5 scale before I took the capsules. An hour later, I recorded my end stress levels, and my percentage prediction that what I took was actually theanine. Blinding. I have capsules that either contain 200 mg of theanine or 25 mcg of vitamin D. These are exactly the same size. I struggled for a while to see how to take two pills of the same type while being blind to the results. In the end, I put two pills of each type in identical looking cups and shuffled the cups. Then I shut my eyes, took a sip of coffee (to make sure I couldn’t taste any difference), swallowed the pills on one cup, and put the others into a numbered envelope. Here’s a picture of the envelopes, to prove I actually did this and/or invite sympathy for all the coffee I had to endure: After 37 days I ran out of capsules. Initial thoughts I’m going to try something new. As I write these words, I have not yet opened the envelopes, so I don’t know the results. I’m going to register some thoughts. My main thought is: I have no idea what the results will show. It really felt like on some days I got the normal spike of anxiety I expect from coffee and on other days it was almost completely gone. But in my previous experiment I often felt the same thing and was proven wrong. It wouldn’t surprise me if the results show a strong effect, or if it’s all completely random. I’ll also pre-register (sort of) the statistical analyses I intend to do: I’ll plot the data. I’ll repeat Luis’s Bayesian analysis, which looks at end stress levels only. I’ll repeat that again, but looking at the change in stress levels. I’ll repeat that again, but looking at my percentage prediction that what I actually took was theanine vs. placebo. I’ll compute regular-old confidence intervals and p-values for end stress, change in stress, and my percentage prediction that what I actually took was theanine vs. placebo. Intermission Please hold while I open all the envelopes and do the analyses. Here’s a painting. Plots Here are the raw stress levels. Each line line shows one trial, with the start marked with a small horizontal bar. Remember, this measures the effect of coffee and the supplement. So even though stress tends to go up, this would still show a benefit if it went up less with theanine. Here is the difference in stress levels. If Δ Stress is negative, that means stress went down. Here are the start vs. end stress levels, ignoring time. The dotted line shows equal stress levels, so anything below that line means stress went down. And finally, here are my percentage predictions of if what I had taken was actually theanine: So…. nothing jumps out so far. Analysis So I did the analysis in my pre-registered plan above. In the process, I realized I wanted to show some extra stuff. It’s all simple and I think unobjectionable. But if you’re the kind of paranoid person who only trusts pre-registered things, I love and respect you and I will mark those with “✔️”. End stress The first thing we’ll look at is the final stress levels, one hour after taking theanine or vitamin D. First up, regular-old frequentist statistics. Variable Mean 95% C.I. p theanine end stress 1.93 (1.80, 2.06) vitamin D end stress 2.01 (1.91, 2.10) ✔️ difference (T-D) -0.069 (-0.23, 0.083) 0.33 If the difference is less than zero, that would suggest theanine was better. It looks like there might be a small difference, but it’s nowhere near statistically significant. Next up, Bayes! In this analysis, there are latent variables for the mean and standard deviation of end stress (after one hour) with theanine and also for vitamin D. Following Luis’s analysis, these each have a Gaussian prior with a mean and standard deviation based on the overall mean in the data. Variable Mean 95% C.I. P[T better] end stress (T) 1.93 (1.81, 2.06) end stress (D) 2.00 (1.91, 2.10) difference (T-D) -0.069 (-0.23, 0.09) 80.5% ✔️ % diff (T-D)/D -3.38% (-11.1%, 4.71%) 80.5% The results are extremely similar to the frequentist analysis. This says there’s an 80% chance theanine is better. Δ Stress Next up, let’s look at the difference in stress levels defined as Δ = (end - start). Since this measures an increase in stress, we’d like it to be as small as possible. So again, if the difference is negative, that would suggest theanine is better. Here are the good-old frequentist statistics. Variable Mean 95% C.I. p theanine Δ stress 0.082 (-0.045, 0.209) vitamin D Δ stress 0.085 (-0.024, 0.194) ✔️ difference (T-D) 0.0026 (-0.158, 0.163) 0.334 And here’s the Bayesian analysis. It’s just like the first one except we have latent variables for the difference in stress levels (end-start). If the difference of that difference was less than zero, that would again suggest theanine was better. Variable Mean 95% C.I. P[T better] Δ stress (T) 0.0837 (-0.039, 0.20) Δ stress (D) 0.0845 (-0.024, 0.19) difference (T-D) -0.0008 (-0.16, 0.16) 50.5% ✔️ % diff (T-D)/D 22.0% (-625%, 755%) 55.9% In retrospect, this percentage prediction analysis is crazy, and I suggest you ignore it. The issue is that even though Δ stress is usually positive (coffee bad) it’s near zero and can be negative. Computing (T-D)/D when D can be negative is stupid and I think makes the whole calculation meaningless. I regret pre-registering this. The absolute difference is fine. It’s very close (almost suspiciously close) to zero. Percentage prediction Finally, let’s look at my percentage prediction that what I took was theanine. It really felt like I could detect a difference. But could I? Here we’d hope that I’d give a higher prediction that I’d taken theanine when I’d actually taken theanine. So a positive difference would suggest theanine is better, or at least different. Variable Mean 95% C.I. p % with theanine 52.8% (45.8%, 59.9%) % with vitamin D 49.3% (43.2%, 55.4%) ✔️ difference (T-D) 3.5% (-5.4%, 12.4%) 0.428 And here’s the corresponding Bayesian analysis. This is just like the first two, except with latent variables for my percentage prediction under theanine and vitamin D. Variable Mean 95% C.I. P[T better] % prediction (T) 52.7% (45.8%, 59.6%) % prediction (D) 49.3% (43.4%, 55.2%) difference (T-D) 3.3% (-5.7%, 12.4%) 77.1% ✔️ % diff (T-D)/D 7.2% (-10.8%, 27.6%) 77.1% Taking a percentage difference of a quantity that is itself a percentage difference is really weird, but fine. Discussion This is the most annoying possible outcome. A clear effect would have made me happy. Clear evidence of no effect would also have made me happy. Instead, some analyses say there might be a small effect, and others suggest nothing. Ugh. But I’ll say this: If there is any effect, it’s small. I know many people say theanine is life-changing, and I know why: It’s insanely easy to fool yourself. Even after running a previous 18-month trial and finding no effect, I still often felt like I could feel the effects in this experiment. I still thought I might open up all the envelopes and find that I had been under-confident in my guesses. Instead, I barely did better than chance. So I maintain my previous rule. If you claim that theanine has huge effects for you, blind experiment or GTFO.
Insiders worry that Hollywood is the next Detroit—but it's actually much worse than that