Art Nouveau developed between the 1880s and World War I in Western Europe and the USA. It was inspired by nature and characterized by sinuous lines. It was a movement that developed across the visual arts that aimed to break away from traditional art. It was closely linked to the Arts and Crafts and […]

The late 18th century in France was a tumultuous time, marked by the rise of revolutionary ideologies. To end the grip of the absolute monarchy, people had to take the matter into their own hands. The result was the French Revolution. One of the most influential groups of the revolution was the Jacobin Club, […]

In the early modern period, it was not rare for the ruler to claim the divine right to rule and to proclaim himself above the earthly laws. Absolute monarchy was one of the common political systems and had a lot of sympathizers not only among the rulers and kings but also among political scholars […]

Pope Urban II (1088-1099) was a key figure in the process of initiating the First Crusade by calling upon the Christian world to gather together in the name of God and defend the Christian faith against the “non-believers” who had control over the Holy Land and the Holy City, Jerusalem. The First Crusade lasted […]