When the Neo-Marxist philosopher Jürgen Habermas and Catholic cardinal Joseph Ratzinger debated the place of religion in the public sphere, they agreed that faith and reason can illuminate each other despite their long-standing tension.   During this debate Habermas, an atheist, asked secular citizens of liberal democracies to put aside post-metaphysical pre-suppositions to better […]

One of history’s most slandered yet enduringly captivating queens, the clever and charismatic Cleopatra isn’t often celebrated for her role as a mother. Frankly, that’s a disservice to her memory. Cleopatra wasn’t just a political powerhouse—she was also the fiercely protective parent of four potential game-changers, each raised with her sharp wit and strategic […]

Can we know anything for certain? That’s the question behind David Hume’s Problem of Induction. Hume undermines the basis for using past experience to predict what will happen in the future, calling into question not only science and knowledge but also our everyday beliefs. If we can’t logically justify our confidence that the sun […]

Known all over the world as the king with six wives, Henry VIII was the second Tudor monarch in England. His reign left indelible imprints on British history. Often portrayed in popular media as a mercurial, irascible figure who would turn on those around him in a flash, Henry VIII did have certain consistent […]

For tens (and possibly hundreds) of thousands of years, human beings (including Neanderthals) painted on the walls of caves. Surrounded by an aura of mystery, these sites are beyond value to our understanding of what it means to be human and the evolution of intelligence and imagination within our species.   Where are the […]